~azzar1/unity/add-show-desktop-key

#!/usr/bin/env python

# IVLE - Informatics Virtual Learning Environment

# Copyright (C) 2007-2008 The University of Melbourne

#

# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or

# (at your option) any later version.

#

# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

# GNU General Public License for more details.

#

# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA

# Module: setup

# Author: Matt Giuca

# Date:   12/12/2007

# This is a command-line application, for use by the administrator.

# This program configures, builds and installs IVLE in three separate steps.

# It is called with at least one argument, which specifies which operation to

# take.

# setup.py listmake (for developer use only)

# Recurses through the source tree and builds a list of all files which should

# be copied upon installation. This should be run by the developer before

# cutting a distribution, and the listfile it generates should be included in

# the distribution, avoiding the administrator having to run it.

# setup.py conf [args]

# Configures IVLE with machine-specific details, most notably, various paths.

# Either prompts the administrator for these details or accepts them as

# command-line args.

# Creates www/conf/conf.py and trampoline/conf.h.

# setup.py build

# Compiles all files and sets up a jail template in the source directory.

# Details:

# Compiles (GCC) trampoline/trampoline.c to trampoline/trampoline.

# Creates jail/.

# Creates standard subdirs inside the jail, eg bin, opt, home, tmp.

# Copies console/ to a location within the jail.

# Copies OS programs and files to corresponding locations within the jail

#   (eg. python and Python libs, ld.so, etc).

# Generates .pyc files for all the IVLE .py files.

# setup.py install [--nojail] [--dry|n]

# (Requires root)

# Create target install directory ($target).

# Create $target/bin.

# Copy trampoline/trampoline to $target/bin.

# chown and chmod the installed trampoline.

# Copy www/ to $target.

# Copy jail/ to jails template directory (unless --nojail specified).

import os

import stat

import shutil

import sys

import getopt

import string

import errno

import mimetypes

import compileall

import getopt

# Import modules from the website is tricky since they're in the www

# directory.

sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'www'))

import conf

import common.makeuser

# Operating system files to copy over into the jail.

# These will be copied from the given place on the OS file system into the

# same place within the jail.

JAIL_FILES = [

    '/lib/ld-linux.so.2',

    '/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6',

    '/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libdl.so.2',

    '/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libm.so.6',

    '/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libpthread.so.0',

    '/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libutil.so.1',

    '/etc/ld.so.conf',

    '/etc/ld.so.cache',

    # These 2 files do not exist in Ubuntu

    #'/etc/ld.so.preload',

    #'/etc/ld.so.nohwcap',

    # UNIX commands

    '/usr/bin/strace',

    '/bin/ls',

    '/bin/echo',

    # Needed by python

    '/usr/bin/python2.5',

    # Needed by matplotlib

    '/usr/lib/i686/cmov/libssl.so.0.9.8',

    '/usr/lib/i686/cmov/libcrypto.so.0.9.8',

    '/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libnsl.so.1',

    '/usr/lib/libz.so.1',

    '/usr/lib/atlas/liblapack.so.3',

    '/usr/lib/atlas/libblas.so.3',

    '/usr/lib/libg2c.so.0',

    '/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6',

    '/usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6',

    '/usr/lib/libpng12.so.0',

    '/usr/lib/libBLT.2.4.so.8.4',

    '/usr/lib/libtk8.4.so.0',

    '/usr/lib/libtcl8.4.so.0',

    '/usr/lib/tcl8.4/init.tcl',

    '/usr/lib/libX11.so.6',

    '/usr/lib/libXau.so.6',

    '/usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6',

    '/lib/libgcc_s.so.1',

    '/etc/matplotlibrc',

]

# Symlinks to make within the jail. Src mapped to dst.

JAIL_LINKS = {

    'python2.5': 'jail/usr/bin/python',

}

# Trees to copy. Src mapped to dst (these will be passed to action_copytree).

JAIL_COPYTREES = {

    '/usr/lib/python2.5': 'jail/usr/lib/python2.5',

    '/usr/share/matplotlib': 'jail/usr/share/matplotlib',

    '/etc/ld.so.conf.d': 'jail/etc/ld.so.conf.d',

}

# Try importing existing conf, but if we can't just set up defaults

# The reason for this is that these settings are used by other phases

# of setup besides conf, so we need to know them.

# Also this allows you to hit Return to accept the existing value.

try:

    confmodule = __import__("www/conf/conf")

    try:

        root_dir = confmodule.root_dir

    except:

        root_dir = "/ivle"

    try:

        ivle_install_dir = confmodule.ivle_install_dir

    except:

        ivle_install_dir = "/opt/ivle"

    try:

        jail_base = confmodule.jail_base

    except:

        jail_base = "/home/informatics/jails"

except ImportError:

    # Just set reasonable defaults

    root_dir = "/ivle"

    ivle_install_dir = "/opt/ivle"

    jail_base = "/home/informatics/jails"

# Always defaults

allowed_uids = "0"

# Try importing install_list, but don't fail if we can't, because listmake can

# function without it.

try:

    import install_list

except:

    pass

# Mime types which will automatically be placed in the list by listmake.

# Note that listmake is not intended to be run by the final user (the system

# administrator who installs this), so the developers can customize the list

# as necessary, and include it in the distribution.

listmake_mimetypes = ['text/x-python', 'text/html',

    'application/x-javascript', 'application/javascript',

    'text/css', 'image/png']

# Main function skeleton from Guido van Rossum

# http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=4829

def main(argv=None):

    if argv is None:

        argv = sys.argv

    # Print the opening spiel including the GPL notice

    print """IVLE - Informatics Virtual Learning Environment Setup

Copyright (C) 2007-2008 The University of Melbourne

IVLE comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.

This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it

under certain conditions. See LICENSE.txt for details.

IVLE Setup

"""

    # First argument is the name of the setup operation

    try:

        operation = argv[1]

    except IndexError:

        # Print usage message and exit

        help([])

        return 1

    # Disallow run as root unless installing

    if (operation != 'install' and operation != 'updatejails'

        and os.geteuid() == 0):

        print >>sys.stderr, "I do not want to run this stage as root."

        print >>sys.stderr, "Please run as a normal user."

        return 1

    # Call the requested operation's function

    try:

        oper_func = {

            'help' : help,

            'conf' : conf,

            'build' : build,

            'listmake' : listmake,

            'install' : install,

            'updatejails' : updatejails,

        }[operation]

    except KeyError:

        print >>sys.stderr, (

            """Invalid operation '%s'. Try python setup.py help."""

            % operation)

        return 1

    return oper_func(argv[2:])

# Operation functions

def help(args):

    if args == []:

        print """Usage: python setup.py operation [args]

Operation (and args) can be:

    help [operation]

    listmake (developer use only)

    conf [args]

    build

    install [--nojail] [-n|--dry]

"""

        return 1

    elif len(args) != 1:

        print """Usage: python setup.py help [operation]"""

        return 2

    else:

        operation = args[0]

    if operation == 'help':

        print """python setup.py help [operation]

Prints the usage message or detailed help on an operation, then exits."""

    elif operation == 'listmake':

        print """python setup.py listmake

(For developer use only)

Recurses through the source tree and builds a list of all files which should

be copied upon installation. This should be run by the developer before

cutting a distribution, and the listfile it generates should be included in

the distribution, avoiding the administrator having to run it."""

    elif operation == 'conf':

        print """python setup.py conf [args]

Configures IVLE with machine-specific details, most notably, various paths.

Either prompts the administrator for these details or accepts them as

command-line args. Will be interactive only if there are no arguments given.

Takes defaults from existing conf file if it exists.

To run IVLE out of the source directory (allowing development without having

to rebuild/install), just provide ivle_install_dir as the IVLE trunk

directory, and run build/install one time.

Creates www/conf/conf.py and trampoline/conf.h.

Args are:

    --root_dir

    --ivle_install_dir

    --jail_base

    --allowed_uids

As explained in the interactive prompt or conf.py.

"""

    elif operation == 'build':

        print """python -O setup.py build [--dry|-n]

Compiles all files and sets up a jail template in the source directory.

-O is recommended to cause compilation to be optimised.

Details:

Compiles (GCC) trampoline/trampoline.c to trampoline/trampoline.

Creates jail/.

Creates standard subdirs inside the jail, eg bin, opt, home, tmp.

Copies console/ to a location within the jail.

Copies OS programs and files to corresponding locations within the jail

  (eg. python and Python libs, ld.so, etc).

Generates .pyc or .pyo files for all the IVLE .py files.

--dry | -n  Print out the actions but don't do anything."""

    elif operation == 'install':

        print """sudo python setup.py install [--nojail] [--dry|-n]

(Requires root)

Create target install directory ($target).

Create $target/bin.

Copy trampoline/trampoline to $target/bin.

chown and chmod the installed trampoline.

Copy www/ to $target.

Copy jail/ to jails template directory (unless --nojail specified).

--nojail    Do not copy the jail.

--dry | -n  Print out the actions but don't do anything."""

    elif operation == 'updatejails':

        print """sudo python setup.py updatejails [--dry|-n]

(Requires root)

Copy jail/ to each subdirectory in jails directory.

--dry | -n  Print out the actions but don't do anything."""

    else:

        print >>sys.stderr, (

            """Invalid operation '%s'. Try python setup.py help."""

            % operation)

    return 1

def listmake(args):

    # We build two separate lists, by walking www and console

    list_www = build_list_py_files('www')

    list_console = build_list_py_files('console')

    # Make sure that the files generated by conf are in the list

    # (since listmake is typically run before conf)

    if "www/conf/conf.py" not in list_www:

        list_www.append("www/conf/conf.py")

    # Make sure that console/python-console is in the list

    if "console/python-console" not in list_console:

        list_console.append("console/python-console")

    # Write these out to a file

    cwd = os.getcwd()

    # the files that will be created/overwritten

    listfile = os.path.join(cwd, "install_list.py")

    try:

        file = open(listfile, "w")

        file.write("""# IVLE Configuration File

# install_list.py

# Provides lists of all files to be installed by `setup.py install' from

# certain directories.

# Note that any files with the given filename plus 'c' or 'o' (that is,

# compiled .pyc or .pyo files) will be copied as well.

# List of all installable files in www directory.

list_www = """)

        writelist_pretty(file, list_www)

        file.write("""

# List of all installable files in console directory.

list_console = """)

        writelist_pretty(file, list_console)

        file.close()

    except IOError, (errno, strerror):

        print "IO error(%s): %s" % (errno, strerror)

        sys.exit(1)

    print "Successfully wrote install_list.py"

    print

    print ("You may modify the set of installable files before cutting the "

            "distribution:")

    print listfile

    print

    return 0

def build_list_py_files(dir):

    """Builds a list of all py files found in a directory and its

    subdirectories. Returns this as a list of strings."""

    pylist = []

    for (dirpath, dirnames, filenames) in os.walk(dir):

        # Exclude directories beginning with a '.' (such as '.svn')

        filter_mutate(lambda x: x[0] != '.', dirnames)

        # All *.py files are added to the list

        pylist += [os.path.join(dirpath, item) for item in filenames

            if mimetypes.guess_type(item)[0] in listmake_mimetypes]

    return pylist

def writelist_pretty(file, list):

    """Writes a list one element per line, to a file."""

    if list == []:

        file.write("[]\n")

    else:

        file.write('[\n')

        for elem in list:

            file.write('    %s,\n' % repr(elem))

        file.write(']\n')

def conf(args):

    global root_dir, ivle_install_dir, jail_base, allowed_uids

    # Set up some variables

    cwd = os.getcwd()

    # the files that will be created/overwritten

    conffile = os.path.join(cwd, "www/conf/conf.py")

    conf_hfile = os.path.join(cwd, "trampoline/conf.h")

    # Get command-line arguments to avoid asking questions.

    (opts, args) = getopt.gnu_getopt(args, "", ['root_dir=',

                    'ivle_install_dir=', 'jail_base=', 'allowed_uids='])

    if args != []:

        print >>sys.stderr, "Invalid arguments:", string.join(args, ' ')

        return 2

    if opts == []:

        # Interactive mode. Prompt the user for all the values.

        print """This tool will create the following files:

    %s

    %s

prompting you for details about your configuration. The file will be

overwritten if it already exists. It will *not* install or deploy IVLE.

Please hit Ctrl+C now if you do not wish to do this.

""" % (conffile, conf_hfile)

        # Get information from the administrator

        # If EOF is encountered at any time during the questioning, just exit

        # silently

        root_dir = query_user(root_dir,

        """Root directory where IVLE is located (in URL space):""")

        ivle_install_dir = query_user(ivle_install_dir,

        'Root directory where IVLE will be installed (on the local file '

        'system):')

        jail_base = query_user(jail_base,

        """Root directory where the jails (containing user files) are stored

(on the local file system):""")

        allowed_uids = query_user(allowed_uids,

        """UID of the web server process which will run IVLE.

Only this user may execute the trampoline. May specify multiple users as

a comma-separated list.

    (eg. "1002,78")""")

    else:

        opts = dict(opts)

        # Non-interactive mode. Parse the options.

        if '--root_dir' in opts:

            root_dir = opts['--root_dir']

        if '--ivle_install_dir' in opts:

            ivle_install_dir = opts['--ivle_install_dir']

        if '--jail_base' in opts:

            jail_base = opts['--jail_base']

        if '--allowed_uids' in opts:

            allowed_uids = opts['--allowed_uids']

    # Error handling on input values

    try:

        allowed_uids = map(int, allowed_uids.split(','))

    except ValueError:

        print >>sys.stderr, (

        "Invalid UID list (%s).\n"

        "Must be a comma-separated list of integers." % allowed_uids)

        return 1

    # Write www/conf/conf.py

    try:

        conf = open(conffile, "w")

        conf.write("""# IVLE Configuration File

# conf.py

# Miscellaneous application settings

# In URL space, where in the site is IVLE located. (All URLs will be prefixed

# with this).

# eg. "/" or "/ivle".

root_dir = "%s"

# In the local file system, where IVLE is actually installed.

# This directory should contain the "www" and "bin" directories.

ivle_install_dir = "%s"

# In the local file system, where are the student/user file spaces located.

# The user jails are expected to be located immediately in subdirectories of

# this location.

jail_base = "%s"

""" % (root_dir, ivle_install_dir, jail_base))

        conf.close()

    except IOError, (errno, strerror):

        print "IO error(%s): %s" % (errno, strerror)

        sys.exit(1)

    print "Successfully wrote www/conf/conf.py"

    # Write trampoline/conf.h

    try:

        conf = open(conf_hfile, "w")

        conf.write("""/* IVLE Configuration File

 * conf.h

 * Administrator settings required by trampoline.

 * Note: trampoline will have to be rebuilt in order for changes to this file

 * to take effect.

 */

/* In the local file system, where are the jails located.

 * The trampoline does not allow the creation of a jail anywhere besides

 * jail_base or a subdirectory of jail_base.

 */

static const char* jail_base = "%s";

/* Which user IDs are allowed to run the trampoline.

 * This list should be limited to the web server user.

 * (Note that root is an implicit member of this list).

 */

static const int allowed_uids[] = { %s };

""" % (jail_base, repr(allowed_uids)[1:-1]))

        conf.close()

    except IOError, (errno, strerror):

        print "IO error(%s): %s" % (errno, strerror)

        sys.exit(1)

    print "Successfully wrote trampoline/conf.h"

    print

    print "You may modify the configuration at any time by editing"

    print conffile

    print conf_hfile

    print

    return 0

def build(args):

    # Get "dry" variable from command line

    (opts, args) = getopt.gnu_getopt(args, "n", ['dry'])

    opts = dict(opts)

    dry = '-n' in opts or '--dry' in opts

    if dry:

        print "Dry run (no actions will be executed\n"

    # Compile the trampoline

    action_runprog('gcc', ['-Wall', '-o', 'trampoline/trampoline',

        'trampoline/trampoline.c'], dry)

    # Create the jail and its subdirectories

    # Note: Other subdirs will be made by copying files

    action_mkdir('jail', dry)

    action_mkdir('jail/home', dry)

    action_mkdir('jail/tmp', dry)

    # Copy all console and operating system files into the jail

    action_copylist(install_list.list_console, 'jail/opt/ivle', dry)

    copy_os_files_jail(dry)

    # Chmod the python console

    action_chmod_x('jail/opt/ivle/console/python-console', dry)

    # Compile .py files into .pyc or .pyo files

    compileall.compile_dir('www', quiet=True)

    compileall.compile_dir('console', quiet=True)

    return 0

def copy_os_files_jail(dry):

    """Copies necessary Operating System files from their usual locations

    into the jail/ directory of the cwd."""

    # Currently source paths are configured for Ubuntu.

    for filename in JAIL_FILES:

        copy_file_to_jail(filename, dry)

    for src, dst in JAIL_LINKS.items():

        action_symlink(src, dst, dry)

    for src, dst in JAIL_COPYTREES.items():

        action_copytree(src, dst, dry)

def copy_file_to_jail(src, dry):

    """Copies a single file from an absolute location into the same location

    within the jail. src must begin with a '/'. The jail will be located

    in a 'jail' subdirectory of the current path."""

    action_copyfile(src, 'jail' + src, dry)

def install(args):

    # Get "dry" and "nojail" variables from command line

    (opts, args) = getopt.gnu_getopt(args, "n", ['dry', 'nojail'])

    opts = dict(opts)

    dry = '-n' in opts or '--dry' in opts

    nojail = '--nojail' in opts

    if dry:

        print "Dry run (no actions will be executed\n"

    if not dry and os.geteuid() != 0:

        print >>sys.stderr, "Must be root to run install"

        print >>sys.stderr, "(I need to chown some files)."

        return 1

    # Create the target (install) directory

    action_mkdir(ivle_install_dir, dry)

    # Create bin and copy the compiled files there

    action_mkdir(os.path.join(ivle_install_dir, 'bin'), dry)

    tramppath = os.path.join(ivle_install_dir, 'bin/trampoline')

    action_copyfile('trampoline/trampoline', tramppath, dry)

    # chown trampoline to root and set setuid bit

    action_chown_setuid(tramppath, dry)

    # Copy the www directory using the list

    action_copylist(install_list.list_www, ivle_install_dir, dry)

    if not nojail:

        # Copy the local jail directory built by the build action

        # to the jails template directory (it will be used as a template

        # for all the students' jails).

        action_copytree('jail', os.path.join(jail_base, 'template'), dry)

    # Append IVLE path to ivle.pth in python site packages

    # (Unless it's already there)

    ivle_pth = os.path.join(sys.prefix,

        "lib/python2.5/site-packages/ivle.pth")

    ivle_www = os.path.join(ivle_install_dir, "www")

    write_ivle_pth = True

    try:

        file = open(ivle_pth, 'r')

        for line in file:

            if line.strip() == ivle_www:

                write_ivle_pth = False

                break

    except (IOError, OSError):

        pass

    if write_ivle_pth:

        action_append(ivle_pth, ivle_www)

    return 0

def updatejails(args):

    # Get "dry" variable from command line

    (opts, args) = getopt.gnu_getopt(args, "n", ['dry'])

    opts = dict(opts)

    dry = '-n' in opts or '--dry' in opts

    if dry:

        print "Dry run (no actions will be executed\n"

    if not dry and os.geteuid() != 0:

        print >>sys.stderr, "Must be root to run install"

        print >>sys.stderr, "(I need to chown some files)."

        return 1

    # Update the template jail directory in case it hasn't been installed

    # recently.

    action_copytree('jail', os.path.join(jail_base, 'template'), dry)

    # Re-link all the files in all students jails.

    for dir in os.listdir(jail_base):

        if dir == 'template': continue

        # First back up the student's home directory

        temp_home = os.tmpnam()

        action_rename(os.path.join(jail_base, dir, 'home'), temp_home, dry)

        # Delete the student's jail and relink the jail files

        action_linktree(os.path.join(jail_base, 'template'),

            os.path.join(jail_base, dir), dry)

        # Restore the student's home directory

        action_rename(temp_home, os.path.join(jail_base, dir, 'home'), dry)

        # Set up the user's home directory just in case they don't have a

        # directory for this yet

        action_mkdir(os.path.join(jail_base, dir, 'home', dir), dry)

    return 0

# The actions call Python os functions but print actions and handle dryness.

# May still throw os exceptions if errors occur.

class RunError:

    """Represents an error when running a program (nonzero return)."""

    def __init__(self, prog, retcode):

        self.prog = prog

        self.retcode = retcode

    def __str__(self):

        return str(self.prog) + " returned " + repr(self.retcode)

def action_runprog(prog, args, dry):

    """Runs a unix program. Searches in $PATH. Synchronous (waits for the

    program to return). Runs in the current environment. First prints the

    action as a "bash" line.

    Throws a RunError with a retcode of the return value of the program,

    if the program did not return 0.

    prog: String. Name of the program. (No path required, if in $PATH).

    args: [String]. Arguments to the program.

    dry: Bool. If True, prints but does not execute.

    """

    print prog, string.join(args, ' ')

    if dry: return

    ret = os.spawnvp(os.P_WAIT, prog, args)

    if ret != 0:

        raise RunError(prog, ret)

def action_rename(src, dst, dry):

    """Calls rename. Deletes the target if it already exists."""

    if os.access(dst, os.F_OK):

        print "rm -r", dst

        if not dry:

            shutil.rmtree(dst, True)

    print "mv ", src, dst

    if dry: return

    try:

        os.rename(src, dst)

    except OSError, (err, msg):

        if err != errno.EEXIST:

            raise

def action_mkdir(path, dry):

    """Calls mkdir. Silently ignored if the directory already exists.

    Creates all parent directories as necessary."""

    print "mkdir -p", path

    if dry: return

    try:

        os.makedirs(path)

    except OSError, (err, msg):

        if err != errno.EEXIST:

            raise

def action_copytree(src, dst, dry):

    """Copies an entire directory tree. Symlinks are seen as normal files and

    copies of the entire file (not the link) are made. Creates all parent

    directories as necessary.

    See shutil.copytree."""

    if os.access(dst, os.F_OK):

        print "rm -r", dst

        if not dry:

            shutil.rmtree(dst, True)

    print "cp -r", src, dst

    if dry: return

    shutil.copytree(src, dst, True)

def action_linktree(src, dst, dry):

    """Hard-links an entire directory tree. Same as copytree but the created

    files are hard-links not actual copies. Removes the existing destination.

    """

    if os.access(dst, os.F_OK):

        print "rm -r", dst

        if not dry:

            shutil.rmtree(dst, True)

    print "<cp with hardlinks> -r", src, dst

    if dry: return

    common.makeuser.linktree(src, dst)

def action_copylist(srclist, dst, dry):

    """Copies all files in a list to a new location. The files in the list

    are read relative to the current directory, and their destinations are the

    same paths relative to dst. Creates all parent directories as necessary.

    """

    for srcfile in srclist:

        dstfile = os.path.join(dst, srcfile)

        dstdir = os.path.split(dstfile)[0]

        if not os.path.isdir(dstdir):

            action_mkdir(dstdir, dry)

        print "cp -f", srcfile, dstfile

        if not dry:

            try:

                shutil.copyfile(srcfile, dstfile)

                shutil.copymode(srcfile, dstfile)

            except shutil.Error:

                pass

def action_copyfile(src, dst, dry):

    """Copies one file to a new location. Creates all parent directories

    as necessary.

    """

    dstdir = os.path.split(dst)[0]

    if not os.path.isdir(dstdir):

        action_mkdir(dstdir, dry)

    print "cp -f", src, dst

    if not dry:

        try:

            shutil.copyfile(src, dst)

            shutil.copymode(src, dst)

        except shutil.Error:

            pass

def action_symlink(src, dst, dry):

    """Creates a symlink in a given location. Creates all parent directories

    as necessary.

    """

    dstdir = os.path.split(dst)[0]

    if not os.path.isdir(dstdir):

        action_mkdir(dstdir, dry)

    # Delete existing file

    if os.path.exists(dst):

        os.remove(dst)

    print "ln -fs", src, dst

    if not dry:

        os.symlink(src, dst)

def action_append(ivle_pth, ivle_www):

    file = open(ivle_pth, 'a+')