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# IVLE - Informatics Virtual Learning Environment
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# Copyright (C) 2007-2008 The University of Melbourne
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# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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# (at your option) any later version.
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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# GNU General Public License for more details.
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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# This is a command-line application, for use by the administrator.
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# This program configures, builds and installs IVLE in three separate steps.
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# It is called with at least one argument, which specifies which operation to
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# setup.py listmake (for developer use only)
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# Recurses through the source tree and builds a list of all files which should
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# be copied upon installation. This should be run by the developer before
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# cutting a distribution, and the listfile it generates should be included in
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# the distribution, avoiding the administrator having to run it.
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# setup.py conf [args]
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# Configures IVLE with machine-specific details, most notably, various paths.
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# Either prompts the administrator for these details or accepts them as
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# Creates www/conf/conf.py and trampoline/conf.h.
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# Compiles all files and sets up a jail template in the source directory.
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# Compiles (GCC) trampoline/trampoline.c to trampoline/trampoline.
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# Creates standard subdirs inside the jail, eg bin, opt, home, tmp.
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# Copies console/ to a location within the jail.
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# Copies OS programs and files to corresponding locations within the jail
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# (eg. python and Python libs, ld.so, etc).
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# Generates .pyc files for all the IVLE .py files.
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# setup.py install [--nojail] [--dry|n]
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# Create target install directory ($target).
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# Copy trampoline/trampoline to $target/bin.
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# chown and chmod the installed trampoline.
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# Copy www/ to $target.
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# Copy jail/ to jails template directory (unless --nojail specified).
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# Import modules from the website is tricky since they're in the www
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sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'www'))
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import common.makeuser
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# Operating system files to copy over into the jail.
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# These will be copied from the given place on the OS file system into the
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# same place within the jail.
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'/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6',
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'/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libdl.so.2',
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'/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libm.so.6',
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'/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libpthread.so.0',
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'/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libutil.so.1',
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# These 2 files do not exist in Ubuntu
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#'/etc/ld.so.preload',
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#'/etc/ld.so.nohwcap',
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# Needed by matplotlib
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'/usr/lib/i686/cmov/libssl.so.0.9.8',
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'/usr/lib/i686/cmov/libcrypto.so.0.9.8',
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'/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libnsl.so.1',
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'/usr/lib/libz.so.1',
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'/usr/lib/atlas/liblapack.so.3',
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'/usr/lib/atlas/libblas.so.3',
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'/usr/lib/libg2c.so.0',
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'/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6',
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'/usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6',
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'/usr/lib/libpng12.so.0',
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'/usr/lib/libBLT.2.4.so.8.4',
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'/usr/lib/libtk8.4.so.0',
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'/usr/lib/libtcl8.4.so.0',
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'/usr/lib/tcl8.4/init.tcl',
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'/usr/lib/libX11.so.6',
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'/usr/lib/libXau.so.6',
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'/usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6',
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'/lib/libgcc_s.so.1',
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# Symlinks to make within the jail. Src mapped to dst.
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'python2.5': 'jail/usr/bin/python',
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# Trees to copy. Src mapped to dst (these will be passed to action_copytree).
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'/usr/lib/python2.5': 'jail/usr/lib/python2.5',
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'/usr/share/matplotlib': 'jail/usr/share/matplotlib',
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'/etc/ld.so.conf.d': 'jail/etc/ld.so.conf.d',
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# Try importing existing conf, but if we can't just set up defaults
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# The reason for this is that these settings are used by other phases
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# of setup besides conf, so we need to know them.
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# Also this allows you to hit Return to accept the existing value.
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confmodule = __import__("www/conf/conf")
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root_dir = confmodule.root_dir
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ivle_install_dir = confmodule.ivle_install_dir
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ivle_install_dir = "/opt/ivle"
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public_host = confmodule.public_host
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public_host = "public.localhost"
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jail_base = confmodule.jail_base
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jail_base = "/home/informatics/jails"
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subjects_base = confmodule.subjects_base
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subjects_base = "/home/informatics/subjects"
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# Just set reasonable defaults
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ivle_install_dir = "/opt/ivle"
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public_host = "public.localhost"
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jail_base = "/home/informatics/jails"
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subjects_base = "/home/informatics/subjects"
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# Try importing install_list, but don't fail if we can't, because listmake can
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# function without it.
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# Mime types which will automatically be placed in the list by listmake.
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# Note that listmake is not intended to be run by the final user (the system
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# administrator who installs this), so the developers can customize the list
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# as necessary, and include it in the distribution.
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listmake_mimetypes = ['text/x-python', 'text/html',
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'application/x-javascript', 'application/javascript',
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'text/css', 'image/png']
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# Main function skeleton from Guido van Rossum
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# http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=4829
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# Print the opening spiel including the GPL notice
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print """IVLE - Informatics Virtual Learning Environment Setup
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Copyright (C) 2007-2008 The University of Melbourne
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IVLE comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
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This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
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under certain conditions. See LICENSE.txt for details.
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# First argument is the name of the setup operation
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# Print usage message and exit
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# Disallow run as root unless installing
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if (operation != 'install' and operation != 'updatejails'
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and os.geteuid() == 0):
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print >>sys.stderr, "I do not want to run this stage as root."
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print >>sys.stderr, "Please run as a normal user."
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# Call the requested operation's function
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'listmake' : listmake,
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'updatejails' : updatejails,
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print >>sys.stderr, (
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"""Invalid operation '%s'. Try python setup.py help."""
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return oper_func(argv[2:])
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# Operation functions
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print """Usage: python setup.py operation [args]
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Operation (and args) can be:
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listmake (developer use only)
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install [--nojail] [-n|--dry]
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print """Usage: python setup.py help [operation]"""
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if operation == 'help':
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print """python setup.py help [operation]
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Prints the usage message or detailed help on an operation, then exits."""
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elif operation == 'listmake':
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print """python setup.py listmake
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(For developer use only)
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Recurses through the source tree and builds a list of all files which should
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be copied upon installation. This should be run by the developer before
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cutting a distribution, and the listfile it generates should be included in
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the distribution, avoiding the administrator having to run it."""
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elif operation == 'conf':
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print """python setup.py conf [args]
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Configures IVLE with machine-specific details, most notably, various paths.
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Either prompts the administrator for these details or accepts them as
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command-line args. Will be interactive only if there are no arguments given.
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Takes defaults from existing conf file if it exists.
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To run IVLE out of the source directory (allowing development without having
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to rebuild/install), just provide ivle_install_dir as the IVLE trunk
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directory, and run build/install one time.
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Creates www/conf/conf.py and trampoline/conf.h.
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As explained in the interactive prompt or conf.py.
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elif operation == 'build':
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print """python -O setup.py build [--dry|-n]
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Compiles all files and sets up a jail template in the source directory.
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-O is recommended to cause compilation to be optimised.
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Compiles (GCC) trampoline/trampoline.c to trampoline/trampoline.
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Creates standard subdirs inside the jail, eg bin, opt, home, tmp.
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Copies console/ to a location within the jail.
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Copies OS programs and files to corresponding locations within the jail
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(eg. python and Python libs, ld.so, etc).
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Generates .pyc or .pyo files for all the IVLE .py files.
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--dry | -n Print out the actions but don't do anything."""
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elif operation == 'install':
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print """sudo python setup.py install [--nojail] [--dry|-n]
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Create target install directory ($target).
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Copy trampoline/trampoline to $target/bin.
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chown and chmod the installed trampoline.
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Copy www/ to $target.
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Copy jail/ to jails template directory (unless --nojail specified).
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--nojail Do not copy the jail.
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--dry | -n Print out the actions but don't do anything."""
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elif operation == 'updatejails':
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print """sudo python setup.py updatejails [--dry|-n]
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Copy jail/ to each subdirectory in jails directory.
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--dry | -n Print out the actions but don't do anything."""
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print >>sys.stderr, (
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"""Invalid operation '%s'. Try python setup.py help."""
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# We build two separate lists, by walking www and console
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list_www = build_list_py_files('www')
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list_console = build_list_py_files('console')
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# Make sure that the files generated by conf are in the list
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# (since listmake is typically run before conf)
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if "www/conf/conf.py" not in list_www:
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list_www.append("www/conf/conf.py")
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# Make sure that console/python-console is in the list
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if "console/python-console" not in list_console:
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list_console.append("console/python-console")
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# Write these out to a file
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# the files that will be created/overwritten
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listfile = os.path.join(cwd, "install_list.py")
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file = open(listfile, "w")
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file.write("""# IVLE Configuration File
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# Provides lists of all files to be installed by `setup.py install' from
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# certain directories.
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# Note that any files with the given filename plus 'c' or 'o' (that is,
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# compiled .pyc or .pyo files) will be copied as well.
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# List of all installable files in www directory.
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writelist_pretty(file, list_www)
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# List of all installable files in console directory.
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writelist_pretty(file, list_console)
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except IOError, (errno, strerror):
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print "IO error(%s): %s" % (errno, strerror)
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print "Successfully wrote install_list.py"
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print ("You may modify the set of installable files before cutting the "
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def build_list_py_files(dir):
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"""Builds a list of all py files found in a directory and its
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subdirectories. Returns this as a list of strings."""
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for (dirpath, dirnames, filenames) in os.walk(dir):
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# Exclude directories beginning with a '.' (such as '.svn')
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filter_mutate(lambda x: x[0] != '.', dirnames)
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# All *.py files are added to the list
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pylist += [os.path.join(dirpath, item) for item in filenames
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if mimetypes.guess_type(item)[0] in listmake_mimetypes]
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def writelist_pretty(file, list):
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"""Writes a list one element per line, to a file."""
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file.write(' %s,\n' % repr(elem))
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global root_dir, ivle_install_dir, jail_base, subjects_base
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global public_host, allowed_uids
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# Set up some variables
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# the files that will be created/overwritten
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conffile = os.path.join(cwd, "www/conf/conf.py")
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conf_hfile = os.path.join(cwd, "trampoline/conf.h")
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# Get command-line arguments to avoid asking questions.
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(opts, args) = getopt.gnu_getopt(args, "", ['root_dir=',
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'ivle_install_dir=', 'jail_base=', 'allowed_uids='])
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print >>sys.stderr, "Invalid arguments:", string.join(args, ' ')
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# Interactive mode. Prompt the user for all the values.
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print """This tool will create the following files:
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prompting you for details about your configuration. The file will be
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overwritten if it already exists. It will *not* install or deploy IVLE.
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Please hit Ctrl+C now if you do not wish to do this.
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""" % (conffile, conf_hfile)
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# Get information from the administrator
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# If EOF is encountered at any time during the questioning, just exit
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root_dir = query_user(root_dir,
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"""Root directory where IVLE is located (in URL space):""")
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ivle_install_dir = query_user(ivle_install_dir,
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'Root directory where IVLE will be installed (on the local file '
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jail_base = query_user(jail_base,
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"""Root directory where the jails (containing user files) are stored
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(on the local file system):""")
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subjects_base = query_user(subjects_base,
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"""Root directory where the subject directories (containing worksheets
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and other per-subject files) are stored (on the local file system):""")
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public_host = query_user(public_host,
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"""Hostname which will cause the server to go into "public mode",
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providing login-free access to student's published work:""")
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allowed_uids = query_user(allowed_uids,
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"""UID of the web server process which will run IVLE.
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Only this user may execute the trampoline. May specify multiple users as
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a comma-separated list.
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# Non-interactive mode. Parse the options.
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if '--root_dir' in opts:
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root_dir = opts['--root_dir']
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if '--ivle_install_dir' in opts:
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ivle_install_dir = opts['--ivle_install_dir']
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if '--jail_base' in opts:
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jail_base = opts['--jail_base']
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if '--subjects_base' in opts:
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jail_base = opts['--subjects_base']
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if '--public_host' in opts:
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public_host = opts['--public_host']
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if '--allowed_uids' in opts:
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allowed_uids = opts['--allowed_uids']
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# Error handling on input values
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allowed_uids = map(int, allowed_uids.split(','))
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print >>sys.stderr, (
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"Invalid UID list (%s).\n"
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"Must be a comma-separated list of integers." % allowed_uids)
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# Write www/conf/conf.py
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conf = open(conffile, "w")
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conf.write("""# IVLE Configuration File
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# Miscellaneous application settings
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# In URL space, where in the site is IVLE located. (All URLs will be prefixed
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# eg. "/" or "/ivle".
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# In the local file system, where IVLE is actually installed.
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# This directory should contain the "www" and "bin" directories.
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ivle_install_dir = "%s"
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# The server goes into "public mode" if the browser sends a request with this
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# host. This is for security reasons - we only serve public student files on a
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# separate domain to the main IVLE site.
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# Public mode does not use cookies, and serves only public content.
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# Private mode (normal mode) requires login, and only serves files relevant to
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# the logged-in user.
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# In the local file system, where are the student/user file spaces located.
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# The user jails are expected to be located immediately in subdirectories of
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# In the local file system, where are the per-subject file spaces located.
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# The individual subject directories are expected to be located immediately
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# in subdirectories of this location.
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""" % (root_dir, ivle_install_dir, public_host, jail_base, subjects_base))
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except IOError, (errno, strerror):
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print "IO error(%s): %s" % (errno, strerror)
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print "Successfully wrote www/conf/conf.py"
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# Write trampoline/conf.h
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conf = open(conf_hfile, "w")
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conf.write("""/* IVLE Configuration File
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* Administrator settings required by trampoline.
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* Note: trampoline will have to be rebuilt in order for changes to this file
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/* In the local file system, where are the jails located.
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* The trampoline does not allow the creation of a jail anywhere besides
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* jail_base or a subdirectory of jail_base.
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static const char* jail_base = "%s";
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/* Which user IDs are allowed to run the trampoline.
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* This list should be limited to the web server user.
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* (Note that root is an implicit member of this list).
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static const int allowed_uids[] = { %s };
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""" % (jail_base, repr(allowed_uids)[1:-1]))
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except IOError, (errno, strerror):
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print "IO error(%s): %s" % (errno, strerror)
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print "Successfully wrote trampoline/conf.h"
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print "You may modify the configuration at any time by editing"
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# Get "dry" variable from command line
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(opts, args) = getopt.gnu_getopt(args, "n", ['dry'])
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dry = '-n' in opts or '--dry' in opts
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print "Dry run (no actions will be executed\n"
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# Compile the trampoline
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action_runprog('gcc', ['-Wall', '-o', 'trampoline/trampoline',
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'trampoline/trampoline.c'], dry)
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# Create the jail and its subdirectories
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# Note: Other subdirs will be made by copying files
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action_mkdir('jail', dry)
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action_mkdir('jail/home', dry)
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action_mkdir('jail/tmp', dry)
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# Copy all console and operating system files into the jail
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action_copylist(install_list.list_console, 'jail/opt/ivle', dry)
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copy_os_files_jail(dry)
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# Chmod the python console
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action_chmod_x('jail/opt/ivle/console/python-console', dry)
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# Compile .py files into .pyc or .pyo files
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compileall.compile_dir('www', quiet=True)
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compileall.compile_dir('console', quiet=True)
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def copy_os_files_jail(dry):
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"""Copies necessary Operating System files from their usual locations
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into the jail/ directory of the cwd."""
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# Currently source paths are configured for Ubuntu.
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for filename in JAIL_FILES:
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copy_file_to_jail(filename, dry)
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for src, dst in JAIL_LINKS.items():
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action_symlink(src, dst, dry)
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for src, dst in JAIL_COPYTREES.items():
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action_copytree(src, dst, dry)
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def copy_file_to_jail(src, dry):
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"""Copies a single file from an absolute location into the same location
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within the jail. src must begin with a '/'. The jail will be located
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in a 'jail' subdirectory of the current path."""
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action_copyfile(src, 'jail' + src, dry)
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# Get "dry" and "nojail" variables from command line
605
(opts, args) = getopt.gnu_getopt(args, "n", ['dry', 'nojail'])
607
dry = '-n' in opts or '--dry' in opts
608
nojail = '--nojail' in opts
611
print "Dry run (no actions will be executed\n"
613
if not dry and os.geteuid() != 0:
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print >>sys.stderr, "Must be root to run install"
615
print >>sys.stderr, "(I need to chown some files)."
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# Create the target (install) directory
619
action_mkdir(ivle_install_dir, dry)
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# Create bin and copy the compiled files there
622
action_mkdir(os.path.join(ivle_install_dir, 'bin'), dry)
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tramppath = os.path.join(ivle_install_dir, 'bin/trampoline')
624
action_copyfile('trampoline/trampoline', tramppath, dry)
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# chown trampoline to root and set setuid bit
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action_chown_setuid(tramppath, dry)
628
# Copy the www directory using the list
629
action_copylist(install_list.list_www, ivle_install_dir, dry)
632
# Copy the local jail directory built by the build action
633
# to the jails template directory (it will be used as a template
634
# for all the students' jails).
635
action_copytree('jail', os.path.join(jail_base, 'template'), dry)
637
# Append IVLE path to ivle.pth in python site packages
638
# (Unless it's already there)
639
ivle_pth = os.path.join(sys.prefix,
640
"lib/python2.5/site-packages/ivle.pth")
641
ivle_www = os.path.join(ivle_install_dir, "www")
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write_ivle_pth = True
644
file = open(ivle_pth, 'r')
646
if line.strip() == ivle_www:
647
write_ivle_pth = False
649
except (IOError, OSError):
652
action_append(ivle_pth, ivle_www)
656
def updatejails(args):
657
# Get "dry" variable from command line
658
(opts, args) = getopt.gnu_getopt(args, "n", ['dry'])
660
dry = '-n' in opts or '--dry' in opts
663
print "Dry run (no actions will be executed\n"
665
if not dry and os.geteuid() != 0:
666
print >>sys.stderr, "Must be root to run install"
667
print >>sys.stderr, "(I need to chown some files)."
670
# Update the template jail directory in case it hasn't been installed
672
action_copytree('jail', os.path.join(jail_base, 'template'), dry)
674
# Re-link all the files in all students jails.
675
for dir in os.listdir(jail_base):
676
if dir == 'template': continue
677
# First back up the student's home directory
678
temp_home = os.tmpnam()
679
action_rename(os.path.join(jail_base, dir, 'home'), temp_home, dry)
680
# Delete the student's jail and relink the jail files
681
action_linktree(os.path.join(jail_base, 'template'),
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os.path.join(jail_base, dir), dry)
683
# Restore the student's home directory
684
action_rename(temp_home, os.path.join(jail_base, dir, 'home'), dry)
685
# Set up the user's home directory just in case they don't have a
686
# directory for this yet
687
action_mkdir(os.path.join(jail_base, dir, 'home', dir), dry)
691
# The actions call Python os functions but print actions and handle dryness.
692
# May still throw os exceptions if errors occur.
695
"""Represents an error when running a program (nonzero return)."""
696
def __init__(self, prog, retcode):
698
self.retcode = retcode
700
return str(self.prog) + " returned " + repr(self.retcode)
702
def action_runprog(prog, args, dry):
703
"""Runs a unix program. Searches in $PATH. Synchronous (waits for the
704
program to return). Runs in the current environment. First prints the
705
action as a "bash" line.
707
Throws a RunError with a retcode of the return value of the program,
708
if the program did not return 0.
710
prog: String. Name of the program. (No path required, if in $PATH).
711
args: [String]. Arguments to the program.
712
dry: Bool. If True, prints but does not execute.
714
print prog, string.join(args, ' ')
716
ret = os.spawnvp(os.P_WAIT, prog, args)
718
raise RunError(prog, ret)
720
def action_rename(src, dst, dry):
721
"""Calls rename. Deletes the target if it already exists."""
722
if os.access(dst, os.F_OK):
725
shutil.rmtree(dst, True)
726
print "mv ", src, dst
730
except OSError, (err, msg):
731
if err != errno.EEXIST:
734
def action_mkdir(path, dry):
735
"""Calls mkdir. Silently ignored if the directory already exists.
736
Creates all parent directories as necessary."""
737
print "mkdir -p", path
741
except OSError, (err, msg):
742
if err != errno.EEXIST:
745
def action_copytree(src, dst, dry):
746
"""Copies an entire directory tree. Symlinks are seen as normal files and
747
copies of the entire file (not the link) are made. Creates all parent
748
directories as necessary.
750
See shutil.copytree."""
751
if os.access(dst, os.F_OK):
754
shutil.rmtree(dst, True)
755
print "cp -r", src, dst
757
shutil.copytree(src, dst, True)
759
def action_linktree(src, dst, dry):
760
"""Hard-links an entire directory tree. Same as copytree but the created
761
files are hard-links not actual copies. Removes the existing destination.
763
if os.access(dst, os.F_OK):
766
shutil.rmtree(dst, True)
767
print "<cp with hardlinks> -r", src, dst
769
common.makeuser.linktree(src, dst)
771
def action_copylist(srclist, dst, dry):
772
"""Copies all files in a list to a new location. The files in the list
773
are read relative to the current directory, and their destinations are the
774
same paths relative to dst. Creates all parent directories as necessary.
776
for srcfile in srclist:
777
dstfile = os.path.join(dst, srcfile)
778
dstdir = os.path.split(dstfile)[0]
779
if not os.path.isdir(dstdir):
780
action_mkdir(dstdir, dry)
781
print "cp -f", srcfile, dstfile
784
shutil.copyfile(srcfile, dstfile)
785
shutil.copymode(srcfile, dstfile)
789
def action_copyfile(src, dst, dry):
790
"""Copies one file to a new location. Creates all parent directories
793
dstdir = os.path.split(dst)[0]
794
if not os.path.isdir(dstdir):
795
action_mkdir(dstdir, dry)
796
print "cp -f", src, dst
799
shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
800
shutil.copymode(src, dst)
804
def action_symlink(src, dst, dry):
805
"""Creates a symlink in a given location. Creates all parent directories
808
dstdir = os.path.split(dst)[0]
809
if not os.path.isdir(dstdir):
810
action_mkdir(dstdir, dry)
811
# Delete existing file
812
if os.path.exists(dst):
814
print "ln -fs", src, dst
818
def action_append(ivle_pth, ivle_www):
819
file = open(ivle_pth, 'a+')
820
file.write(ivle_www + '\n')
823
def action_chown_setuid(file, dry):
824
"""Chowns a file to root, and sets the setuid bit on the file.
825
Calling this function requires the euid to be root.
826
The actual mode of path is set to: rws--s--s
828
print "chown root:root", file
831
print "chmod a+xs", file
832
print "chmod u+rw", file
834
os.chmod(file, stat.S_IXUSR | stat.S_IXGRP | stat.S_IXOTH
835
| stat.S_ISUID | stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IWUSR)
837
def action_chmod_x(file, dry):
838
"""Chmod +xs a file (sets execute permission)."""
839
print "chmod u+rwx", file
841
os.chmod(file, stat.S_IXUSR | stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IWUSR)
843
def query_user(default, prompt):
844
"""Prompts the user for a string, which is read from a line of stdin.
845
Exits silently if EOF is encountered. Returns the string, with spaces
846
removed from the beginning and end.
848
Returns default if a 0-length line (after spaces removed) was read.
850
sys.stdout.write('%s\n (default: "%s")\n>' % (prompt, default))
852
val = sys.stdin.readline()
853
except KeyboardInterrupt:
855
sys.stdout.write("\n")
857
sys.stdout.write("\n")
859
if val == '': sys.exit(1)
860
# If empty line, return default
862
if val == '': return default
865
def filter_mutate(function, list):
866
"""Like built-in filter, but mutates the given list instead of returning a
867
new one. Returns None."""
870
# Delete elements which do not match
871
if not function(list[i]):
875
if __name__ == "__main__":
added
removed
setup.py
