~drizzle-trunk/drizzle/development

/* Copyright (C) 2000-2002 MySQL AB

   Copyright (C) 2008 eBay, Inc

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

   the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA */

/* Implements various base dataspace-related functions - allocate, free, clear */

#include "heapdef.h"

/*

  MySQL Heap tables keep data in arrays of fixed-size chunks.

  These chunks are organized into two groups of HP_BLOCK structures:

    - group1 contains indexes, with one HP_BLOCK per key

      (part of HP_KEYDEF)

    - group2 contains record data, with single HP_BLOCK

      for all records, referenced by HP_SHARE.recordspace.block

  While columns used in index are usually small, other columns

  in the table may need to accomodate larger data. Typically,

  larger data is placed into VARCHAR or BLOB columns. With actual

  sizes varying, Heap Engine has to support variable-sized records

  in memory. Heap Engine implements the concept of dataspace

  (HP_DATASPACE), which incorporates HP_BLOCK for the record data,

  and adds more information for managing variable-sized records.

  Variable-size records are stored in multiple "chunks",

  which means that a single record of data (database "row") can

  consist of multiple chunks organized into one "set". HP_BLOCK

  contains chunks. In variable-size format, one record

  is represented as one or many chunks, depending on the actual

  data, while in fixed-size mode, one record is always represented

  as one chunk. The index structures would always point to the first

  chunk in the chunkset.

  At the time of table creation, Heap Engine attempts to find out

  if variable-size records are desired. A user can request

  variable-size records by providing either row_type=dynamic or

  block_size=NNN table create option. Heap Engine will check

  whether block_size provides enough space in the first chunk

  to keep all null bits and columns that are used in indexes.

  If block_size is too small, table creation will be aborted

  with an error. Heap Engine will revert to fixed-size allocation

  mode if block_size provides no memory benefits (no VARCHAR

  fields extending past first chunk).

  In order to improve index search performance, Heap Engine needs

  to keep all null flags and all columns used as keys inside

  the first chunk of a chunkset. In particular, this means that

  all columns used as keys should be defined first in the table

  creation SQL. The length of data used by null bits and key columns

  is stored as fixed_data_length inside HP_SHARE. fixed_data_length

  will extend past last key column if more fixed-length fields can

  fit into the first chunk.

  Variable-size records are necessary only in the presence

  of variable-size columns. Heap Engine will be looking for VARCHAR

  columns, which declare length of 32 or more. If no such columns

  are found, table will be switched to fixed-size format. You should

  always try to put such columns at the end of the table definition.

  Whenever data is being inserted or updated in the table

  Heap Engine will calculate how many chunks are necessary.

  For insert operations, Heap Engine allocates new chunkset in

  the recordspace. For update operations it will modify length of

  the existing chunkset, unlinking unnecessary chunks at the end,

  or allocating and adding more if larger length is necessary.

  When writing data to chunks or copying data back to record,

  Heap Engine will first copy fixed_data_length of data using single

  memcpy call. The rest of the columns are processed one-by-one.

  Non-VARCHAR columns are copied in their full format. VARCHAR's

  are copied based on their actual length. Any NULL values after

  fixed_data_length are skipped.

  The allocation and contents of the actual chunks varies between

  fixed and variable-size modes. Total chunk length is always

  aligned to the next sizeof(unsigned char*). Here is the format of

  fixed-size chunk:

      unsigned char[] - sizeof=chunk_dataspace_length, but at least

               sizeof(unsigned char*) bytes. Keeps actual data or pointer

               to the next deleted chunk.

               chunk_dataspace_length equals to full record length

      unsigned char   - status field (1 means "in use", 0 means "deleted")

  Variable-size uses different format:

      unsigned char[] - sizeof=chunk_dataspace_length, but at least

               sizeof(unsigned char*) bytes. Keeps actual data or pointer

               to the next deleted chunk.

               chunk_dataspace_length is set according to table

               setup (block_size)

      unsigned char*  - pointer to the next chunk in this chunkset,

               or NULL for the last chunk

      unsigned char  -  status field (1 means "first", 0 means "deleted",

               2 means "linked")

  When allocating a new chunkset of N chunks, Heap Engine will try

  to allocate chunks one-by-one, linking them as they become

  allocated. Allocation of a single chunk will attempt to reuse

  a deleted (freed) chunk. If no free chunks are available,

  it will attempt to allocate a new area inside HP_BLOCK.

  Freeing chunks will place them at the front of free list

  referenced by del_link in HP_DATASPACE. The newly freed chunk

  will contain reference to the previously freed chunk in its first

  sizeof(unsigned char*) of the payload space.

  Here is open issues:

    1. It is not very nice to require people to keep key columns

       at the beginning of the table creation SQL. There are three

       proposed resolutions:

       a. Leave it as is. It's a reasonable limitation

       b. Add new HA_KEEP_KEY_COLUMNS_TO_FRONT flag to handler.h and

          make table.cpp align columns when it creates the table

       c. Make HeapEngine reorder columns in the chunk data, so that

          key columns go first. Add parallel HA_KEYSEG structures

          to distinguish positions in record vs. positions in

          the first chunk. Copy all data field-by-field rather than

          using single memcpy unless DBA kept key columns to

          the beginning.

    2. heap_check_heap needs verify linked chunks, looking for

       issues such as orphans, cycles, and bad links. However,

       Heap Engine today does not do similar things even for

       free list.

    3. With new HP_DATASPACE allocation mechaism, BLOB will become

       increasingly simple to implement, but I may not have time

       for that. In one approach, BLOB data can be placed at

       the end of the same record. In another approach (which I

       prefer) BLOB data would have its own HP_DATASPACE with

       variable-size entries.

    4. In a more sophisticated implementation, some space can

       be saved even with all fixed-size columns if many of them

       have NULL value, as long as these columns are not used

       in indexes

    5. In variable-size format status should be moved to lower

       bits of the "next" pointer. Pointer is always aligned

       to sizeof(unsigned char*), which is at least 4, leaving 2 lower

       bits free. This will save 8 bytes per chunk

       on 64-bit platform.

    6. As we do not want to modify FRM format, BLOCK_SIZE option

       of "CREATE TABLE" is saved as "RAID_CHUNKSIZE" for

       Heap Engine tables.

*/

static unsigned char *hp_allocate_one_chunk(HP_DATASPACE *info);

/**

  Clear a dataspace

  Frees memory and zeros-out any relevant counters in the dataspace

  @param  info  the dataspace to clear

*/

void hp_clear_dataspace(HP_DATASPACE *info)

{

  if (info->block.levels)

  {

    hp_free_level(&info->block,info->block.levels,info->block.root,

                  (unsigned char*) 0);

  }

  info->block.levels=0;

  info->del_chunk_count= info->chunk_count= 0;

  info->del_link=0;

  info->total_data_length= 0;

}

/**

  Allocate or reallocate a chunkset in the dataspace

  Attempts to allocate a new chunkset or change the size of an existing chunkset

  @param  info            the hosting dataspace

  @param  chunk_count     the number of chunks that we expect as the result

  @param  existing_set    non-null value asks function to resize existing chunkset,

                          return value would point to this set

  @return  Pointer to the first chunk in the new or updated chunkset, or NULL if unsuccessful

*/

static unsigned char *hp_allocate_variable_chunkset(HP_DATASPACE *info,

                                           uint32_t chunk_count, unsigned char* existing_set)

{

  int alloc_count= chunk_count, i;

  unsigned char *first_chunk= 0, *curr_chunk= 0, *prev_chunk= 0, *last_existing_chunk= 0;

  assert(alloc_count);

  if (existing_set)

  {

    first_chunk= existing_set;

    curr_chunk= existing_set;

    while (curr_chunk && alloc_count)

    {

      prev_chunk= curr_chunk;

      curr_chunk= *((unsigned char**)(curr_chunk + info->offset_link));

      alloc_count--;

    }

    if (!alloc_count)

    {

      if (curr_chunk)

      {

        /* We came through all chunks and there is more left, let's truncate the list */

        *((unsigned char**)(prev_chunk + info->offset_link)) = NULL;

        hp_free_chunks(info, curr_chunk);

      }

      return first_chunk;

    }

    last_existing_chunk = prev_chunk;

  }

  /* We can reach this point only if we're allocating new chunkset or more chunks in existing set */

  for (i=0; i<alloc_count; i++)

  {

      curr_chunk= hp_allocate_one_chunk(info);

      if (!curr_chunk)

      {

        /* no space in the current block */

        if (last_existing_chunk)

        {

          /* Truncate whatever was added at the end of the existing chunkset */

          prev_chunk= last_existing_chunk;

          curr_chunk= *((unsigned char**)(prev_chunk + info->offset_link));

          *((unsigned char**)(prev_chunk + info->offset_link)) = NULL;

          hp_free_chunks(info, curr_chunk);

        }

        else if (first_chunk)

        {

          /* free any chunks previously allocated */

          hp_free_chunks(info, first_chunk);

        }

        return NULL;

      }

      /* mark as if this chunk is last in the chunkset */

      *((unsigned char**) (curr_chunk + info->offset_link))= 0;

      if (prev_chunk)

      {

        /* tie them into a linked list */

        *((unsigned char**) (prev_chunk + info->offset_link))= curr_chunk;

        curr_chunk[info->offset_status]= CHUNK_STATUS_LINKED;			/* Record linked from active */

      }

      else

      {

        curr_chunk[info->offset_status]= CHUNK_STATUS_ACTIVE;			  /* Record active */

      }

      if (!first_chunk)

      {

        first_chunk= curr_chunk;

      }

      prev_chunk= curr_chunk;

  }

  return first_chunk;

}

/**

  Allocate a new chunkset in the dataspace

  Attempts to allocate a new chunkset

  @param  info            the hosting dataspace

  @param  chunk_count     the number of chunks that we expect as the result

  @return  Pointer to the first chunk in the new or updated chunkset, or NULL if unsuccessful

*/

unsigned char *hp_allocate_chunkset(HP_DATASPACE *info, uint32_t chunk_count)

{

  unsigned char* result;

  if (info->is_variable_size)

  {

    result = hp_allocate_variable_chunkset(info, chunk_count, NULL);

  }

  else

  {

    result= hp_allocate_one_chunk(info);

    if (result)

    {

      result[info->offset_status]= CHUNK_STATUS_ACTIVE;

    }

    return(result);

  }

  return(result);

}

/**

  Reallocate an existing chunkset in the dataspace

  Attempts to change the size of an existing chunkset

  @param  info            the hosting dataspace

  @param  chunk_count     the number of chunks that we expect as the result

  @param  pos             pointer to the existing chunkset

  @return  Error code or zero if successful

*/

int hp_reallocate_chunkset(HP_DATASPACE *info, uint32_t chunk_count, unsigned char* pos)

{

  if (!info->is_variable_size)

  {

    /* Update should never change chunk_count in fixed-size mode */

    my_errno=HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;

    return my_errno;

  }

  /* Reallocate never moves the first chunk */

  if (!hp_allocate_variable_chunkset(info, chunk_count, pos))

    return(my_errno);

  return(0);

}

/**

  Allocate a single chunk in the dataspace

  Attempts to allocate a new chunk or reuse one from deleted list

  @param  info            the hosting dataspace

  @return  Pointer to the chunk, or NULL if unsuccessful

*/

static unsigned char *hp_allocate_one_chunk(HP_DATASPACE *info)

{

  unsigned char* curr_chunk;

  size_t length, block_pos;

  if (info->del_link)

  {

    curr_chunk=info->del_link;

    info->del_link= *((unsigned char**) curr_chunk);

    info->del_chunk_count--;

    return curr_chunk;

  }

  block_pos= (info->chunk_count % info->block.records_in_block);

  if (!block_pos)

  {

    if (hp_get_new_block(&info->block,&length))

    {

      /* no space in the current block */

      return NULL;

    }

    info->total_data_length+= length;

  }

  info->chunk_count++;

  curr_chunk= ((unsigned char*) info->block.level_info[0].last_blocks +

    block_pos * info->block.recbuffer);

  return curr_chunk;

}

/**

  Free a list of chunks

  Reclaims all chunks linked by the pointer,

  which could be the whole chunkset or a part of an existing chunkset

  @param  info            the hosting dataspace

  @param  pos             pointer to the head of the chunkset

*/

void hp_free_chunks(HP_DATASPACE *info, unsigned char *pos)

{

  unsigned char* curr_chunk= pos;

  while (curr_chunk) {

    info->del_chunk_count++;

    *((unsigned char**) curr_chunk)= info->del_link;

    info->del_link= curr_chunk;

    curr_chunk[info->offset_status]= CHUNK_STATUS_DELETED;

    if (!info->is_variable_size)

    {

      break;

    }

    /* Delete next chunk in this chunkset */

    curr_chunk= *((unsigned char**)(curr_chunk + info->offset_link));

  }

}