~drizzle-trunk/drizzle/development

/* Copyright (C) 2000 MySQL AB

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA */

/** @file
 *
 * @brief  SQL standard-compliant decimal number handling
 *
 * @note
 * This library implements SQL standard "exact numeric" type
 * and is not at all generic, but rather intentinally crippled to
 * follow the standard :) 
 */

/*
=======================================================================
  Quoting the standard
  (SQL:2003, Part 2 Foundations, aka ISO/IEC 9075-2:2003)

4.4.2 Characteristics of numbers, page 27:

  An exact numeric type has a precision P and a scale S. P is a positive
  integer that determines the number of significant digits in a
  particular radix R, where R is either 2 or 10. S is a non-negative
  integer. Every value of an exact numeric type of scale S is of the
  form n*10^{-S}, where n is an integer such that ­-R^P <= n <= R^P.

  [...]

  If an assignment of some number would result in a loss of its most
  significant digit, an exception condition is raised. If least
  significant digits are lost, implementation-defined rounding or
  truncating occurs, with no exception condition being raised.

  [...]

  Whenever an exact or approximate numeric value is assigned to an exact
  numeric value site, an approximation of its value that preserves
  leading significant digits after rounding or truncating is represented
  in the declared type of the target. The value is converted to have the
  precision and scale of the target. The choice of whether to truncate
  or round is implementation-defined.

  [...]

  All numeric values between the smallest and the largest value,
  inclusive, in a given exact numeric type have an approximation
  obtained by rounding or truncation for that type; it is
  implementation-defined which other numeric values have such
  approximations.

5.3 <literal>, page 143

  <exact numeric literal> ::=
    <unsigned integer> [ <period> [ <unsigned integer> ] ]
  | <period> <unsigned integer>

6.1 <data type>, page 165:

  19) The <scale> of an <exact numeric type> shall not be greater than
      the <precision> of the <exact numeric type>.

  20) For the <exact numeric type>s DECIMAL and NUMERIC:

    a) The maximum value of <precision> is implementation-defined.
       <precision> shall not be greater than this value.
    b) The maximum value of <scale> is implementation-defined. <scale>
       shall not be greater than this maximum value.

  21) NUMERIC specifies the data type exact numeric, with the decimal
      precision and scale specified by the <precision> and <scale>.

  22) DECIMAL specifies the data type exact numeric, with the decimal
      scale specified by the <scale> and the implementation-defined
      decimal precision equal to or greater than the value of the
      specified <precision>.

6.26 <numeric value expression>, page 241:

  1) If the declared type of both operands of a dyadic arithmetic
     operator is exact numeric, then the declared type of the result is
     an implementation-defined exact numeric type, with precision and
     scale determined as follows:

   a) Let S1 and S2 be the scale of the first and second operands
      respectively.
   b) The precision of the result of addition and subtraction is
      implementation-defined, and the scale is the maximum of S1 and S2.
   c) The precision of the result of multiplication is
      implementation-defined, and the scale is S1 + S2.
   d) The precision and scale of the result of division are
      implementation-defined.
*/

#include "config.h"

#include "drizzled/definitions.h"
#include "drizzled/internal/m_string.h"
#include "drizzled/charset_info.h"
#include "drizzled/decimal.h"

#include <plugin/myisam/myisampack.h>
#include <drizzled/util/test.h>

#ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
#include <alloca.h>
#endif

#include <algorithm>
#include <time.h>
#include "drizzled/current_session.h"
#include "drizzled/error.h"
#include "drizzled/field.h"
#include "drizzled/internal/my_sys.h"

using namespace std;

namespace drizzled
{
/**
  report result of decimal operation.

  @param result  decimal library return code (E_DEC_* see include/decimal.h)

  @todo
    Fix error messages

  @return
    result
*/

int decimal_operation_results(int result)
{
  switch (result) {
  case E_DEC_OK:
    break;
  case E_DEC_TRUNCATED:
    push_warning_printf(current_session, DRIZZLE_ERROR::WARN_LEVEL_WARN,
			ER_WARN_DATA_TRUNCATED, ER(ER_WARN_DATA_TRUNCATED),
			"", (long)-1);
    break;
  case E_DEC_OVERFLOW:
    push_warning_printf(current_session, DRIZZLE_ERROR::WARN_LEVEL_ERROR,
                        ER_TRUNCATED_WRONG_VALUE,
                        ER(ER_TRUNCATED_WRONG_VALUE),
			"DECIMAL", "");
    break;
  case E_DEC_DIV_ZERO:
    my_error(ER_DIVISION_BY_ZERO, MYF(0));
    break;
  case E_DEC_BAD_NUM:
    push_warning_printf(current_session, DRIZZLE_ERROR::WARN_LEVEL_ERROR,
			ER_TRUNCATED_WRONG_VALUE_FOR_FIELD,
			ER(ER_TRUNCATED_WRONG_VALUE_FOR_FIELD),
			"decimal", "", "", (long)-1);
    break;
  case E_DEC_OOM:
    my_error(ER_OUT_OF_RESOURCES, MYF(0));
    break;
  default:
    assert(0);
  }
  return result;
}


/**
  @brief Converting decimal to string

  @details Convert given my_decimal to String; allocate buffer as needed.

  @param[in]   mask        what problems to warn on (mask of E_DEC_* values)
  @param[in]   d           the decimal to print
  @param[in]   fixed_prec  overall number of digits if ZEROFILL, 0 otherwise
  @param[in]   fixed_dec   number of decimal places (if fixed_prec != 0)
  @param[in]   filler      what char to pad with (ZEROFILL et al.)
  @param[out]  *str        where to store the resulting string

  @return error code
    @retval E_DEC_OK
    @retval E_DEC_TRUNCATED
    @retval E_DEC_OVERFLOW
    @retval E_DEC_OOM
*/

int my_decimal2string(uint32_t mask, const my_decimal *d,
                      uint32_t fixed_prec, uint32_t fixed_dec,
                      char filler, String *str)
{
  /*
    Calculate the size of the string: For DECIMAL(a,b), fixed_prec==a
    holds true iff the type is also ZEROFILL, which in turn implies
    UNSIGNED. Hence the buffer for a ZEROFILLed value is the length
    the user requested, plus one for a possible decimal point, plus
    one if the user only wanted decimal places, but we force a leading
    zero on them. Because the type is implicitly UNSIGNED, we do not
    need to reserve a character for the sign. For all other cases,
    fixed_prec will be 0, and my_decimal_string_length() will be called
    instead to calculate the required size of the buffer.
  */
  int length= (fixed_prec
               ? (fixed_prec + ((fixed_prec == fixed_dec) ? 1 : 0) + 1)
               : my_decimal_string_length(d));
  int result;
  if (str->alloc(length))
    return check_result(mask, E_DEC_OOM);
  result= decimal2string((decimal_t*) d, (char*) str->ptr(),
                         &length, (int)fixed_prec, fixed_dec,
                         filler);
  str->length(length);
  return check_result(mask, result);
}


/**
  @brief  Convert from decimal to binary representation

  @param[in]   mask        error processing mask
  @param[in]   d           number for conversion
  @param[out]  bin         pointer to buffer where to write result
  @param[in]   prec        overall number of decimal digits
  @param[in]   scale       number of decimal digits after decimal point

  @note
    Before conversion we round number if it need but produce truncation
    error in this case

  @return error code
   @retval E_DEC_OK
   @retval E_DEC_TRUNCATED
   @retval E_DEC_OVERFLOW
*/

int my_decimal2binary(uint32_t mask, const my_decimal *d, unsigned char *bin, int prec,
		      int scale)
{
  int err1= E_DEC_OK, err2;
  my_decimal rounded;
  my_decimal2decimal(d, &rounded);
  rounded.frac= decimal_actual_fraction(&rounded);
  if (scale < rounded.frac)
  {
    err1= E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
    /* decimal_round can return only E_DEC_TRUNCATED */
    decimal_round(&rounded, &rounded, scale, HALF_UP);
  }
  err2= decimal2bin(&rounded, bin, prec, scale);
  if (!err2)
    err2= err1;
  return check_result(mask, err2);
}


/**
  @brief Convert string for decimal when string can be in some multibyte charset

  @param  mask            error processing mask
  @param  from            string to process
  @param  length          length of given string
  @param  charset         charset of given string
  @param  decimal_value   buffer for result storing

  @return Error code
   @retval E_DEC_OK
   @retval E_DEC_TRUNCATED
   @retval E_DEC_OVERFLOW
   @retval E_DEC_BAD_NUM
   @retval E_DEC_OOM
*/

int str2my_decimal(uint32_t mask, const char *from, uint32_t length,
                   const CHARSET_INFO * charset, my_decimal *decimal_value)
{
  char *end, *from_end;
  int err;
  char buff[STRING_BUFFER_USUAL_SIZE];
  String tmp(buff, sizeof(buff), &my_charset_bin);
  if (charset->mbminlen > 1)
  {
    size_t dummy_errors;
    tmp.copy(from, length, charset, &my_charset_utf8_general_ci, &dummy_errors);
    from= tmp.ptr();
    length=  tmp.length();
    charset= &my_charset_bin;
  }
  from_end= end= (char*) from+length;
  err= string2decimal((char *)from, (decimal_t*) decimal_value, &end);
  if (end != from_end && !err)
  {
    /* Give warning if there is something other than end space */
    for ( ; end < from_end; end++)
    {
      if (!my_isspace(&my_charset_utf8_general_ci, *end))
      {
        err= E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  check_result_and_overflow(mask, err, decimal_value);
  return err;
}


my_decimal *date2my_decimal(DRIZZLE_TIME *ltime, my_decimal *dec)
{
  int64_t date;
  date = (ltime->year*100L + ltime->month)*100L + ltime->day;
  if (ltime->time_type > DRIZZLE_TIMESTAMP_DATE)
    date= ((date*100L + ltime->hour)*100L+ ltime->minute)*100L + ltime->second;
  if (int2my_decimal(E_DEC_FATAL_ERROR, date, false, dec))
    return dec;
  if (ltime->second_part)
  {
    dec->buf[(dec->intg-1) / 9 + 1]= ltime->second_part * 1000;
    dec->frac= 6;
  }
  return dec;
}


void my_decimal_trim(uint32_t *precision, uint32_t *scale)
{
  if (!(*precision) && !(*scale))
  {
    *precision= 10;
    *scale= 0;
    return;
  }
}


/*
  Internally decimal numbers are stored base 10^9 (see DIG_BASE below)
  So one variable of type decimal_digit_t is limited:

      0 < decimal_digit <= DIG_MAX < DIG_BASE

  in the struct st_decimal_t:

    intg is the number of *decimal* digits (NOT number of decimal_digit_t's !)
         before the point
    frac - number of decimal digits after the point
    buf is an array of decimal_digit_t's
    len is the length of buf (length of allocated space) in decimal_digit_t's,
        not in bytes
*/
typedef decimal_digit_t dec1;
typedef int64_t      dec2;

#define DIG_PER_DEC1 9
#define DIG_MASK     100000000
#define DIG_BASE     1000000000
#define DIG_MAX      (DIG_BASE-1)
#define ROUND_UP(X)  (((X)+DIG_PER_DEC1-1)/DIG_PER_DEC1)
static const dec1 powers10[DIG_PER_DEC1+1]={
  1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000, 100000000, 1000000000};
static const int dig2bytes[DIG_PER_DEC1+1]={0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4};
static const dec1 frac_max[DIG_PER_DEC1-1]={
  900000000, 990000000, 999000000,
  999900000, 999990000, 999999000,
  999999900, 999999990 };

#ifdef HAVE_purify
#define sanity(d) assert((d)->len > 0)
#else
#define sanity(d) assert((d)->len >0 && ((d)->buf[0] | \
                              (d)->buf[(d)->len-1] | 1))
#endif

#define FIX_INTG_FRAC_ERROR(len, intg1, frac1, error)                   \
        do                                                              \
        {                                                               \
          if (unlikely(intg1+frac1 > (len)))                            \
          {                                                             \
            if (unlikely(intg1 > (len)))                                \
            {                                                           \
              intg1=(len);                                              \
              frac1=0;                                                  \
              error=E_DEC_OVERFLOW;                                     \
            }                                                           \
            else                                                        \
            {                                                           \
              frac1=(len)-intg1;                                        \
              error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED;                                    \
            }                                                           \
          }                                                             \
          else                                                          \
            error=E_DEC_OK;                                             \
        } while(0)

#define ADD(to, from1, from2, carry)  /* assume carry <= 1 */           \
        do                                                              \
        {                                                               \
          dec1 a=(from1)+(from2)+(carry);                               \
          assert((carry) <= 1);                                    \
          if (((carry)= a >= DIG_BASE)) /* no division here! */         \
            a-=DIG_BASE;                                                \
          (to)=a;                                                       \
        } while(0)

#define ADD2(to, from1, from2, carry)                                   \
        do                                                              \
        {                                                               \
          dec2 a=((dec2)(from1))+(from2)+(carry);                       \
          if (((carry)= a >= DIG_BASE))                                 \
            a-=DIG_BASE;                                                \
          if (unlikely(a >= DIG_BASE))                                  \
          {                                                             \
            a-=DIG_BASE;                                                \
            carry++;                                                    \
          }                                                             \
          (to)=(dec1) a;                                                \
        } while(0)

#define SUB(to, from1, from2, carry) /* to=from1-from2 */               \
        do                                                              \
        {                                                               \
          dec1 a=(from1)-(from2)-(carry);                               \
          if (((carry)= a < 0))                                         \
            a+=DIG_BASE;                                                \
          (to)=a;                                                       \
        } while(0)

#define SUB2(to, from1, from2, carry) /* to=from1-from2 */              \
        do                                                              \
        {                                                               \
          dec1 a=(from1)-(from2)-(carry);                               \
          if (((carry)= a < 0))                                         \
            a+=DIG_BASE;                                                \
          if (unlikely(a < 0))                                          \
          {                                                             \
            a+=DIG_BASE;                                                \
            carry++;                                                    \
          }                                                             \
          (to)=a;                                                       \
        } while(0)

/**
  Swap the contents of two variables.
 */
#define swap_variables(TYPE, a, b) \
  do {                             \
    TYPE dummy;                    \
    dummy= a;                      \
    a= b;                          \
    b= dummy;                      \
  } while (0)



/**
  @brief  Get maximum value for given precision and scale

  @param  precision/scale  see decimal_bin_size() below
  @param  to              decimal where where the result will be stored
                      to->buf and to->len must be set.
*/

void max_decimal(int precision, int frac, decimal_t *to)
{
  int intpart;
  dec1 *buf= to->buf;
  assert(precision && precision >= frac);

  to->sign= 0;
  if ((intpart= to->intg= (precision - frac)))
  {
    const int firstdigits= intpart % DIG_PER_DEC1;
    if (firstdigits)
      *buf++= powers10[firstdigits] - 1; /* get 9 99 999 ... */
    for(intpart/= DIG_PER_DEC1; intpart; intpart--)
      *buf++= DIG_MAX;
  }

  if ((to->frac= frac))
  {
    const int lastdigits= frac % DIG_PER_DEC1;
    for(frac/= DIG_PER_DEC1; frac; frac--)
      *buf++= DIG_MAX;
    if (lastdigits)
      *buf= frac_max[lastdigits - 1];
  }
}


static dec1 *remove_leading_zeroes(const decimal_t *from, int *intg_result)
{
  int intg= from->intg, i;
  dec1 *buf0= from->buf;
  i= ((intg - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1) + 1;
  while (intg > 0 && *buf0 == 0)
  {
    intg-= i;
    i= DIG_PER_DEC1;
    buf0++;
  }
  if (intg > 0)
  {
    for (i= (intg - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1; *buf0 < powers10[i--]; intg--) ;
    assert(intg > 0);
  }
  else
    intg=0;
  *intg_result= intg;
  return buf0;
}


/**
 @brief Count actual length of fraction part (without ending zeroes)

 @param from    number for processing
*/

int decimal_actual_fraction(decimal_t *from)
{
  int frac= from->frac, i;
  dec1 *buf0= from->buf + ROUND_UP(from->intg) + ROUND_UP(frac) - 1;

  if (frac == 0)
    return 0;

  i= ((frac - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1 + 1);
  while (frac > 0 && *buf0 == 0)
  {
    frac-= i;
    i= DIG_PER_DEC1;
    buf0--;
  }
  if (frac > 0)
  {
    for (i= DIG_PER_DEC1 - ((frac - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1); *buf0 % powers10[i++] == 0; frac--) {};
  }
  return frac;
}


/**
 @brief  Convert decimal to its printable string representation

 @param  from       value to convert
 @param  to         points to buffer where string representation
                    should be stored
 @param  to_len     in:  size of to buffer
                    out: length of the actually written string
 @param  fixed_precision 0 if representation can be variable length and
                        fixed_decimals will not be checked in this case.
                        Put number as with fixed point position with this
                        number of digits (sign counted and decimal point is
                        counted)
 @param  fixed_decimals  number digits after point.
 @param  filler          character to fill gaps in case of fixed_precision > 0

 @return error code
   @retval E_DEC_OK
   @retval E_DEC_TRUNCATED
   @retval E_DEC_OVERFLOW
*/
int decimal2string(const decimal_t *from, char *to, int *to_len,
                   int fixed_precision, int fixed_decimals,
                   char filler)
{
  int len, intg, frac= from->frac, i, intg_len, frac_len, fill;
  /* number digits before decimal point */
  int fixed_intg= (fixed_precision ?
                   (fixed_precision - fixed_decimals) : 0);
  int error=E_DEC_OK;
  char *s=to;
  dec1 *buf, *buf0=from->buf, tmp;

  assert(*to_len >= 2+from->sign);

  /* removing leading zeroes */
  buf0= remove_leading_zeroes(from, &intg);
  if (unlikely(intg+frac==0))
  {
    intg=1;
    tmp=0;
    buf0=&tmp;
  }

  if (!(intg_len= fixed_precision ? fixed_intg : intg))
    intg_len= 1;
  frac_len= fixed_precision ? fixed_decimals : frac;
  len= from->sign + intg_len + test(frac) + frac_len;
  if (fixed_precision)
  {
    if (frac > fixed_decimals)
    {
      error= E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
      frac= fixed_decimals;
    }
    if (intg > fixed_intg)
    {
      error= E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
      intg= fixed_intg;
    }
  }
  else if (unlikely(len > --*to_len)) /* reserve one byte for \0 */
  {
    int j= len-*to_len;
    error= (frac && j <= frac + 1) ? E_DEC_TRUNCATED : E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
    if (frac && j >= frac + 1) j--;
    if (j > frac)
    {
      intg-= j-frac;
      frac= 0;
    }
    else
      frac-=j;
    len= from->sign + intg_len + test(frac) + frac_len;
  }
  *to_len=len;
  s[len]=0;

  if (from->sign)
    *s++='-';

  if (frac)
  {
    char *s1= s + intg_len;
    fill= frac_len - frac;
    buf=buf0+ROUND_UP(intg);
    *s1++='.';
    for (; frac>0; frac-=DIG_PER_DEC1)
    {
      dec1 x=*buf++;
      for (i=min(frac, DIG_PER_DEC1); i; i--)
      {
        dec1 y=x/DIG_MASK;
        *s1++='0'+(unsigned char)y;
        x-=y*DIG_MASK;
        x*=10;
      }
    }
    for(; fill; fill--)
      *s1++=filler;
  }

  fill= intg_len - intg;
  if (intg == 0)
    fill--; /* symbol 0 before digital point */
  for(; fill; fill--)
    *s++=filler;
  if (intg)
  {
    s+=intg;
    for (buf=buf0+ROUND_UP(intg); intg>0; intg-=DIG_PER_DEC1)
    {
      dec1 x=*--buf;
      for (i=min(intg, DIG_PER_DEC1); i; i--)
      {
        dec1 y=x/10;
        *--s='0'+(unsigned char)(x-y*10);
        x=y;
      }
    }
  }
  else
    *s= '0';
  return error;
}


/**
 @brief  Return bounds of decimal digits in the number

 @param  from  decimal number for processing
 @param  start_result  index (from 0 ) of first decimal digits will
                       be written by this address
 @param  end_result   index of position just after last decimal digit
                     be written by this address
*/
static void digits_bounds(decimal_t *from, int *start_result, int *end_result)
{
  int start, stop, i;
  dec1 *buf_beg= from->buf;
  dec1 *end= from->buf + ROUND_UP(from->intg) + ROUND_UP(from->frac);
  dec1 *buf_end= end - 1;

  /* find non-zero digit from number begining */
  while (buf_beg < end && *buf_beg == 0)
    buf_beg++;

  if (buf_beg >= end)
  {
    /* it is zero */
    *start_result= *end_result= 0;
    return;
  }

  /* find non-zero decimal digit from number begining */
  if (buf_beg == from->buf && from->intg)
  {
    start= DIG_PER_DEC1 - (i= ((from->intg-1) % DIG_PER_DEC1 + 1));
    i--;
  }
  else
  {
    i= DIG_PER_DEC1 - 1;
    start= (int) ((buf_beg - from->buf) * DIG_PER_DEC1);
  }
  if (buf_beg < end)
    for (; *buf_beg < powers10[i--]; start++) ;
  *start_result= start; /* index of first decimal digit (from 0) */

  /* find non-zero digit at the end */
  while (buf_end > buf_beg  && *buf_end == 0)
    buf_end--;
  /* find non-zero decimal digit from the end */
  if (buf_end == end - 1 && from->frac)
  {
    stop= (int) (((buf_end - from->buf) * DIG_PER_DEC1 +
           (i= ((from->frac - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1 + 1))));
    i= DIG_PER_DEC1 - i + 1;
  }
  else
  {
    stop= (int) ((buf_end - from->buf + 1) * DIG_PER_DEC1);
    i= 1;
  }
  for (; *buf_end % powers10[i++] == 0; stop--) {};
  *end_result= stop; /* index of position after last decimal digit (from 0) */
}


/**
 @param Left shift for alignment of data in buffer

 @param  dec     pointer to decimal number which have to be shifted
 @param  shift   number of decimal digits on which it should be shifted
 @param  beg     beginning of decimal digits (see digits_bounds())
 @param  end     end of decimal digits (see digits_bounds())

 @note
   Result fitting in the buffer should be garanted.
   'shift' have to be from 1 to DIG_PER_DEC1-1 (inclusive)
   
 @todo  Above note is unclear - is 'garanted' a typo for 'guaranteed'
 or 'granted'?
*/
static void do_mini_left_shift(decimal_t *dec, int shift, int beg, int last)
{
  dec1 *from= dec->buf + ROUND_UP(beg + 1) - 1;
  dec1 *end= dec->buf + ROUND_UP(last) - 1;
  int c_shift= DIG_PER_DEC1 - shift;
  assert(from >= dec->buf);
  assert(end < dec->buf + dec->len);
  if (beg % DIG_PER_DEC1 < shift)
    *(from - 1)= (*from) / powers10[c_shift];
  for(; from < end; from++)
    *from= ((*from % powers10[c_shift]) * powers10[shift] +
            (*(from + 1)) / powers10[c_shift]);
  *from= (*from % powers10[c_shift]) * powers10[shift];
}


/**
  @brief Right shift for alignment of data in buffer

  @param  dec     pointer to decimal number which have to be shifted
  @param  shift   number of decimal digits on which it should be shifted
  @param  beg     beginning of decimal digits (see digits_bounds())
  @param  end     end of decimal digits (see digits_bounds())

  @note
    Result fitting in the buffer should be garanted.
    'shift' have to be from 1 to DIG_PER_DEC1-1 (inclusive)
*/
static void do_mini_right_shift(decimal_t *dec, int shift, int beg, int last)
{
  dec1 *from= dec->buf + ROUND_UP(last) - 1;
  dec1 *end= dec->buf + ROUND_UP(beg + 1) - 1;
  int c_shift= DIG_PER_DEC1 - shift;
  assert(from < dec->buf + dec->len);
  assert(end >= dec->buf);
  if (DIG_PER_DEC1 - ((last - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1 + 1) < shift)
    *(from + 1)= (*from % powers10[shift]) * powers10[c_shift];
  for(; from > end; from--)
    *from= (*from / powers10[shift] +
            (*(from - 1) % powers10[shift]) * powers10[c_shift]);
  *from= *from / powers10[shift];
}


/**
  @brief  Shift of decimal digits in given number (with rounding if it need)

  @param  dec       number to be shifted
  @param  shift     number of decimal positions
              shift > 0 means shift to left shift
              shift < 0 meand right shift

  @note
    In fact it is multipling on 10^shift.

  @return  Error code
   @retval E_DEC_OK          OK
   @retval E_DEC_OVERFLOW    operation lead to overflow, number is untoched
   @retval E_DEC_TRUNCATED   number was rounded to fit into buffer
*/
static int decimal_shift(decimal_t *dec, int shift)
{
  /* index of first non zero digit (all indexes from 0) */
  int beg;
  /* index of position after last decimal digit */
  int end;
  /* index of digit position just after point */
  int point= ROUND_UP(dec->intg) * DIG_PER_DEC1;
  /* new point position */
  int new_point= point + shift;
  /* number of digits in result */
  int digits_int, digits_frac;
  /* length of result and new fraction in big digits*/
  int new_len, new_frac_len;
  /* return code */
  int err= E_DEC_OK;
  int new_front;

  if (shift == 0)
    return E_DEC_OK;

  digits_bounds(dec, &beg, &end);

  if (beg == end)
  {
    decimal_make_zero(dec);
    return E_DEC_OK;
  }

  digits_int= new_point - beg;
  set_if_bigger(digits_int, 0);
  digits_frac= end - new_point;
  set_if_bigger(digits_frac, 0);

  if ((new_len= ROUND_UP(digits_int) + (new_frac_len= ROUND_UP(digits_frac))) >
      dec->len)
  {
    int lack= new_len - dec->len;
    int diff;

    if (new_frac_len < lack)
      return E_DEC_OVERFLOW; /* lack more then we have in fraction */

    /* cat off fraction part to allow new number to fit in our buffer */
    err= E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
    new_frac_len-= lack;
    diff= digits_frac - (new_frac_len * DIG_PER_DEC1);
    /* Make rounding method as parameter? */
    decimal_round(dec, dec, end - point - diff, HALF_UP);
    end-= diff;
    digits_frac= new_frac_len * DIG_PER_DEC1;

    if (end <= beg)
    {
      /*
        we lost all digits (they will be shifted out of buffer), so we can
        just return 0
      */
      decimal_make_zero(dec);
      return E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
    }
  }

  if (shift % DIG_PER_DEC1)
  {
    int l_mini_shift, r_mini_shift, mini_shift;
    int do_left;
    /*
      Calculate left/right shift to align decimal digits inside our bug
      digits correctly
    */
    if (shift > 0)
    {
      l_mini_shift= shift % DIG_PER_DEC1;
      r_mini_shift= DIG_PER_DEC1 - l_mini_shift;
      /*
        It is left shift so prefer left shift, but if we have not place from
        left, we have to have it from right, because we checked length of
        result
      */
      do_left= l_mini_shift <= beg;
      assert(do_left || (dec->len * DIG_PER_DEC1 - end) >= r_mini_shift);
    }
    else
    {
      r_mini_shift= (-shift) % DIG_PER_DEC1;
      l_mini_shift= DIG_PER_DEC1 - r_mini_shift;
      /* see comment above */
      do_left= !((dec->len * DIG_PER_DEC1 - end) >= r_mini_shift);
      assert(!do_left || l_mini_shift <= beg);
    }
    if (do_left)
    {
      do_mini_left_shift(dec, l_mini_shift, beg, end);
      mini_shift=- l_mini_shift;
    }
    else
    {
      do_mini_right_shift(dec, r_mini_shift, beg, end);
      mini_shift= r_mini_shift;
    }
    new_point+= mini_shift;
    /*
      If number is shifted and correctly aligned in buffer we can
      finish
    */
    if (!(shift+= mini_shift) && (new_point - digits_int) < DIG_PER_DEC1)
    {
      dec->intg= digits_int;
      dec->frac= digits_frac;
      return err;                 /* already shifted as it should be */
    }
    beg+= mini_shift;
    end+= mini_shift;
  }

  /* if new 'decimal front' is in first digit, we do not need move digits */
  if ((new_front= (new_point - digits_int)) >= DIG_PER_DEC1 ||
      new_front < 0)
  {
    /* need to move digits */
    int d_shift;
    dec1 *to, *barier;
    if (new_front > 0)
    {
      /* move left */
      d_shift= new_front / DIG_PER_DEC1;
      to= dec->buf + (ROUND_UP(beg + 1) - 1 - d_shift);
      barier= dec->buf + (ROUND_UP(end) - 1 - d_shift);
      assert(to >= dec->buf);
      assert(barier + d_shift < dec->buf + dec->len);
      for(; to <= barier; to++)
        *to= *(to + d_shift);
      for(barier+= d_shift; to <= barier; to++)
        *to= 0;
      d_shift= -d_shift;
    }
    else
    {
      /* move right */
      d_shift= (1 - new_front) / DIG_PER_DEC1;
      to= dec->buf + ROUND_UP(end) - 1 + d_shift;
      barier= dec->buf + ROUND_UP(beg + 1) - 1 + d_shift;
      assert(to < dec->buf + dec->len);
      assert(barier - d_shift >= dec->buf);
      for(; to >= barier; to--)
        *to= *(to - d_shift);
      for(barier-= d_shift; to >= barier; to--)
        *to= 0;
    }
    d_shift*= DIG_PER_DEC1;
    beg+= d_shift;
    end+= d_shift;
    new_point+= d_shift;
  }

  /*
    If there are gaps then fill ren with 0.

    Only one of following 'for' loops will work becouse beg <= end
  */
  beg= ROUND_UP(beg + 1) - 1;
  end= ROUND_UP(end) - 1;
  assert(new_point >= 0);

  /* We don't want negative new_point below */
  if (new_point != 0)
    new_point= ROUND_UP(new_point) - 1;

  if (new_point > end)
  {
    do
    {
      dec->buf[new_point]=0;
    } while (--new_point > end);
  }
  else
  {
    for (; new_point < beg; new_point++)
      dec->buf[new_point]= 0;
  }
  dec->intg= digits_int;
  dec->frac= digits_frac;
  return err;
}


/**
  @brief  Convert string to decimal

  @param  from    value to convert. Doesn't have to be \0 terminated!
  @param  to      decimal where where the result will be stored
                to->buf and to->len must be set.
  @param  end     Pointer to pointer to end of string. Will on return be
		set to the char after the last used character
  @param  fixed   use to->intg, to->frac as limits for input number

  @note
    to->intg and to->frac can be modified even when fixed=1
    (but only decreased, in this case)

  @return
    E_DEC_OK/E_DEC_TRUNCATED/E_DEC_OVERFLOW/E_DEC_BAD_NUM/E_DEC_OOM
    In case of E_DEC_FATAL_ERROR *to is set to decimal zero
    (to make error handling easier)
*/
int
internal_str2dec(char *from, decimal_t *to, char **end, bool fixed)
{
  char *s= from, *s1;
  char *end_of_string = *end;
  char *endp;
  int i, intg, frac, error, intg1, frac1;
  dec1 x,*buf;
  sanity(to);

  error= E_DEC_BAD_NUM;                         /* In case of bad number */
  while (s < end_of_string && my_isspace(&my_charset_utf8_general_ci, *s))
    s++;
  if (s == end_of_string)
    goto fatal_error;

  if ((to->sign= (*s == '-')))
    s++;
  else if (*s == '+')
    s++;

  s1=s;
  while (s < end_of_string && my_isdigit(&my_charset_utf8_general_ci, *s))
    s++;
  intg= (int) (s-s1);
  if (s < end_of_string && *s=='.')
  {
    endp= s+1;
    while (endp < end_of_string && my_isdigit(&my_charset_utf8_general_ci, *endp))
      endp++;
    frac= (int) (endp - s - 1);
  }
  else
  {
    frac= 0;
    endp= s;
  }

  *end= endp;

  if (frac+intg == 0)
    goto fatal_error;

  error= 0;
  if (fixed)
  {
    if (frac > to->frac)
    {
      error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
      frac=to->frac;
    }
    if (intg > to->intg)
    {
      error=E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
      intg=to->intg;
    }
    intg1=ROUND_UP(intg);
    frac1=ROUND_UP(frac);
    if (intg1+frac1 > to->len)
    {
      error= E_DEC_OOM;
      goto fatal_error;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    intg1=ROUND_UP(intg);
    frac1=ROUND_UP(frac);
    FIX_INTG_FRAC_ERROR(to->len, intg1, frac1, error);
    if (unlikely(error))
    {
      frac=frac1*DIG_PER_DEC1;
      if (error == E_DEC_OVERFLOW)
        intg=intg1*DIG_PER_DEC1;
    }
  }
  /* Error is guranteed to be set here */
  to->intg=intg;
  to->frac=frac;

  buf=to->buf+intg1;
  s1=s;

  for (x=0, i=0; intg; intg--)
  {
    x+= (*--s - '0')*powers10[i];

    if (unlikely(++i == DIG_PER_DEC1))
    {
      *--buf=x;
      x=0;
      i=0;
    }
  }
  if (i)
    *--buf=x;

  buf=to->buf+intg1;
  for (x=0, i=0; frac; frac--)
  {
    x= (*++s1 - '0') + x*10;

    if (unlikely(++i == DIG_PER_DEC1))
    {
      *buf++=x;
      x=0;
      i=0;
    }
  }
  if (i)
    *buf=x*powers10[DIG_PER_DEC1-i];

  /* Handle exponent */
  if (endp+1 < end_of_string && (*endp == 'e' || *endp == 'E'))
  {
    int str_error;
    const int64_t exponent= internal::my_strtoll10(endp+1, (char**) &end_of_string,
                                                   &str_error);

    if (end_of_string != endp +1)               /* If at least one digit */
    {
      *end= (char*) end_of_string;
      if (str_error > 0)
      {
        error= E_DEC_BAD_NUM;
        goto fatal_error;
      }
      if (exponent > INT_MAX/2 || (str_error == 0 && exponent < 0))
      {
        error= E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
        goto fatal_error;
      }
      if (exponent < INT_MIN/2 && error != E_DEC_OVERFLOW)
      {
        error= E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
        goto fatal_error;
      }
      if (error != E_DEC_OVERFLOW)
        error= decimal_shift(to, (int) exponent);
    }
  }
  return error;

fatal_error:
  decimal_make_zero(to);
  return error;
}


/**
  @param Convert decimal to double

  @param[in]   from   value to convert
  @param[out]  to     result will be stored there

  @return
    E_DEC_OK/E_DEC_OVERFLOW/E_DEC_TRUNCATED
*/

int decimal2double(const decimal_t *from, double *to)
{
  char strbuf[FLOATING_POINT_BUFFER], *end;
  int len= sizeof(strbuf);
  int rc, error;

  rc = decimal2string(from, strbuf, &len, 0, 0, 0);
  end= strbuf + len;

  *to= internal::my_strtod(strbuf, &end, &error);

  return (rc != E_DEC_OK) ? rc : (error ? E_DEC_OVERFLOW : E_DEC_OK);
}

/**
 @param  Convert double to decimal

 @param[in]  from    value to convert
 @param[out] to      result will be stored there

 @return
    E_DEC_OK/E_DEC_OVERFLOW/E_DEC_TRUNCATED
*/

int double2decimal(const double from, decimal_t *to)
{
  char buff[FLOATING_POINT_BUFFER], *end;
  int res;
  end= buff + internal::my_gcvt(from,
                                internal::MY_GCVT_ARG_DOUBLE,
                                sizeof(buff) - 1, buff, NULL);
  res= string2decimal(buff, to, &end);
  return(res);
}


static int ull2dec(uint64_t from, decimal_t *to)
{
  int intg1, error=E_DEC_OK;
  uint64_t x=from;
  dec1 *buf;

  sanity(to);

  for (intg1=1; from >= DIG_BASE; intg1++, from/=DIG_BASE) {};
  if (unlikely(intg1 > to->len))
  {
    intg1=to->len;
    error=E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
  }
  to->frac=0;
  to->intg=intg1*DIG_PER_DEC1;

  for (buf=to->buf+intg1; intg1; intg1--)
  {
    uint64_t y=x/DIG_BASE;
    *--buf=(dec1)(x-y*DIG_BASE);
    x=y;
  }
  return error;
}

int uint64_t2decimal(const uint64_t from, decimal_t *to)
{
  to->sign=0;
  return ull2dec(from, to);
}

int int64_t2decimal(const int64_t from, decimal_t *to)
{
  if ((to->sign= from < 0))
    return ull2dec(-from, to);
  return ull2dec(from, to);
}

int decimal2uint64_t(const decimal_t *from, uint64_t *to)
{
  dec1 *buf=from->buf;
  uint64_t x=0;
  int intg, frac;

  if (from->sign)
  {
      *to= 0ULL;
      return E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
  }

  for (intg=from->intg; intg > 0; intg-=DIG_PER_DEC1)
  {
    uint64_t y=x;
    x=x*DIG_BASE + *buf++;
    if (unlikely(y > ((uint64_t) UINT64_MAX/DIG_BASE) || x < y))
    {
      *to=UINT64_MAX;
      return E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
    }
  }
  *to=x;
  for (frac=from->frac; unlikely(frac > 0); frac-=DIG_PER_DEC1)
    if (*buf++)
      return E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
  return E_DEC_OK;
}

int decimal2int64_t(const decimal_t *from, int64_t *to)
{
  dec1 *buf=from->buf;
  int64_t x=0;
  int intg, frac;

  for (intg=from->intg; intg > 0; intg-=DIG_PER_DEC1)
  {
    int64_t y=x;
    /*
      Attention: trick!
      we're calculating -|from| instead of |from| here
      because |INT64_MIN| > INT64_MAX
      so we can convert -9223372036854775808 correctly
    */
    x=x*DIG_BASE - *buf++;
    if (unlikely(y < (INT64_MIN/DIG_BASE) || x > y))
    {
      /*
        the decimal is bigger than any possible integer
        return border integer depending on the sign
      */
      *to= from->sign ? INT64_MIN : INT64_MAX;
      return E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
    }
  }
  /* boundary case: 9223372036854775808 */
  if (unlikely(from->sign==0 && x == INT64_MIN))
  {
    *to= INT64_MAX;
    return E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
  }

  *to=from->sign ? x : -x;
  for (frac=from->frac; unlikely(frac > 0); frac-=DIG_PER_DEC1)
    if (*buf++)
      return E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
  return E_DEC_OK;
}

/**
 @brief
  Convert decimal to its binary fixed-length representation (suitable for
  comparing with memcmp)

    for storage decimal numbers are converted to the "binary" format.

    This format has the following properties:
      1. length of the binary representation depends on the {precision, scale}
      as provided by the caller and NOT on the intg/frac of the decimal to
      convert.
      2. binary representations of the same {precision, scale} can be compared
      with memcmp - with the same result as decimal_cmp() of the original
      decimals (not taking into account possible precision loss during
      conversion).

    This binary format is as follows:
      1. First the number is converted to have a requested precision and scale.
      2. Every full DIG_PER_DEC1 digits of intg part are stored in 4 bytes
         as is
      3. The first intg % DIG_PER_DEC1 digits are stored in the reduced
         number of bytes (enough bytes to store this number of digits -
         see dig2bytes)
      4. same for frac - full decimal_digit_t's are stored as is,
         the last frac % DIG_PER_DEC1 digits - in the reduced number of bytes.
      5. If the number is negative - every byte is inversed.
      5. The very first bit of the resulting byte array is inverted (because
         memcmp compares unsigned bytes, see property 2 above)

    Example:

      1234567890.1234

    internally is represented as 3 decimal_digit_t's

      1 234567890 123400000

    (assuming we want a binary representation with precision=14, scale=4)
    in hex it's

      00-00-00-01  0D-FB-38-D2  07-5A-EF-40

    now, middle decimal_digit_t is full - it stores 9 decimal digits. It goes
    into binary representation as is:


      ...........  0D-FB-38-D2 ............

    First decimal_digit_t has only one decimal digit. We can store one digit in
    one byte, no need to waste four:

                01 0D-FB-38-D2 ............

    now, last digit. It's 123400000. We can store 1234 in two bytes:

                01 0D-FB-38-D2 04-D2

    So, we've packed 12 bytes number in 7 bytes.
    And now we invert the highest bit to get the final result:

                81 0D FB 38 D2 04 D2

    And for -1234567890.1234 it would be

                7E F2 04 37 2D FB 2D


  @param from      value to convert
  @param to        points to buffer where string representation should be stored
  @param precision see decimal_bin_size() below
  @param frac      see decimal_bin_size() below

  @note
    The buffer is assumed to be of the size decimal_bin_size(precision, scale)

  @return
    E_DEC_OK/E_DEC_TRUNCATED/E_DEC_OVERFLOW

*/
int decimal2bin(const decimal_t *from, unsigned char *to, int precision, int frac)
{
  dec1 mask=from->sign ? -1 : 0, *buf1=from->buf, *stop1;
  int error=E_DEC_OK, intg=precision-frac,
      isize1, intg1, intg1x, from_intg,
      intg0=intg/DIG_PER_DEC1,
      frac0=frac/DIG_PER_DEC1,
      intg0x=intg-intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1,
      frac0x=frac-frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1,
      frac1=from->frac/DIG_PER_DEC1,
      frac1x=from->frac-frac1*DIG_PER_DEC1,
      isize0=intg0*sizeof(dec1)+dig2bytes[intg0x],
      fsize0=frac0*sizeof(dec1)+dig2bytes[frac0x],
      fsize1=frac1*sizeof(dec1)+dig2bytes[frac1x];
  const int orig_isize0= isize0;
  const int orig_fsize0= fsize0;
  unsigned char *orig_to= to;

  buf1= remove_leading_zeroes(from, &from_intg);

  if (unlikely(from_intg+fsize1==0))
  {
    mask=0; /* just in case */
    intg=1;
    buf1=&mask;
  }

  intg1=from_intg/DIG_PER_DEC1;
  intg1x=from_intg-intg1*DIG_PER_DEC1;
  isize1=intg1*sizeof(dec1)+dig2bytes[intg1x];

  if (intg < from_intg)
  {
    buf1+=intg1-intg0+(intg1x>0)-(intg0x>0);
    intg1=intg0; intg1x=intg0x;
    error=E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
  }
  else if (isize0 > isize1)
  {
    while (isize0-- > isize1)
      *to++= (char)mask;
  }
  if (fsize0 < fsize1)
  {
    frac1=frac0; frac1x=frac0x;
    error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
  }
  else if (fsize0 > fsize1 && frac1x)
  {
    if (frac0 == frac1)
    {
      frac1x=frac0x;
      fsize0= fsize1;
    }
    else
    {
      frac1++;
      frac1x=0;
    }
  }

  /* intg1x part */
  if (intg1x)
  {
    int i=dig2bytes[intg1x];
    dec1 x=(*buf1++ % powers10[intg1x]) ^ mask;
    switch (i)
    {
      case 1: mi_int1store(to, x); break;
      case 2: mi_int2store(to, x); break;
      case 3: mi_int3store(to, x); break;
      case 4: mi_int4store(to, x); break;
      default: assert(0);
    }
    to+=i;
  }

  /* intg1+frac1 part */
  for (stop1=buf1+intg1+frac1; buf1 < stop1; to+=sizeof(dec1))
  {
    dec1 x=*buf1++ ^ mask;
    assert(sizeof(dec1) == 4);
    mi_int4store(to, x);
  }

  /* frac1x part */
  if (frac1x)
  {
    dec1 x;
    int i=dig2bytes[frac1x],
        lim=(frac1 < frac0 ? DIG_PER_DEC1 : frac0x);
    while (frac1x < lim && dig2bytes[frac1x] == i)
      frac1x++;
    x=(*buf1 / powers10[DIG_PER_DEC1 - frac1x]) ^ mask;
    switch (i)
    {
      case 1: mi_int1store(to, x); break;
      case 2: mi_int2store(to, x); break;
      case 3: mi_int3store(to, x); break;
      case 4: mi_int4store(to, x); break;
      default: assert(0);
    }
    to+=i;
  }
  if (fsize0 > fsize1)
  {
    unsigned char *to_end= orig_to + orig_fsize0 + orig_isize0;

    while (fsize0-- > fsize1 && to < to_end)
      *to++= (unsigned char)mask;
  }
  orig_to[0]^= 0x80;

  /* Check that we have written the whole decimal and nothing more */
  assert(to == orig_to + orig_fsize0 + orig_isize0);
  return error;
}

/**
 @brief Restores decimal from its binary fixed-length representation

 @param  from    value to convert
 @param  to      result
 @param  precision see decimal_bin_size() below
 @param  scale     see decimal_bin_size() below

 @note
    see decimal2bin()
    the buffer is assumed to be of the size decimal_bin_size(precision, scale)

 @return
    E_DEC_OK/E_DEC_TRUNCATED/E_DEC_OVERFLOW
*/
int bin2decimal(const unsigned char *from, decimal_t *to, int precision, int scale)
{
  int error=E_DEC_OK, intg=precision-scale,
      intg0=intg/DIG_PER_DEC1, frac0=scale/DIG_PER_DEC1,
      intg0x=intg-intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1, frac0x=scale-frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1,
      intg1=intg0+(intg0x>0), frac1=frac0+(frac0x>0);
  dec1 *buf=to->buf, mask=(*from & 0x80) ? 0 : -1;
  const unsigned char *stop;
  unsigned char *d_copy;
  int bin_size= decimal_bin_size(precision, scale);

  sanity(to);
  d_copy= (unsigned char*) alloca(bin_size);
  memcpy(d_copy, from, bin_size);
  d_copy[0]^= 0x80;
  from= d_copy;

  FIX_INTG_FRAC_ERROR(to->len, intg1, frac1, error);
  if (unlikely(error))
  {
    if (intg1 < intg0+(intg0x>0))
    {
      from+=dig2bytes[intg0x]+sizeof(dec1)*(intg0-intg1);
      frac0=frac0x=intg0x=0;
      intg0=intg1;
    }
    else
    {
      frac0x=0;
      frac0=frac1;
    }
  }

  to->sign=(mask != 0);
  to->intg=intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1+intg0x;
  to->frac=frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1+frac0x;

  if (intg0x)
  {
    int i=dig2bytes[intg0x];
    dec1 x= 0;
    switch (i)
    {
      case 1: x=mi_sint1korr(from); break;
      case 2: x=mi_sint2korr(from); break;
      case 3: x=mi_sint3korr(from); break;
      case 4: x=mi_sint4korr(from); break;
      default: assert(0);
    }
    from+=i;
    *buf=x ^ mask;
    if (((uint64_t)*buf) >= (uint64_t) powers10[intg0x+1])
      goto err;
    if (buf > to->buf || *buf != 0)
      buf++;
    else
      to->intg-=intg0x;
  }
  for (stop=from+intg0*sizeof(dec1); from < stop; from+=sizeof(dec1))
  {
    assert(sizeof(dec1) == 4);
    *buf=mi_sint4korr(from) ^ mask;
    if (((uint32_t)*buf) > DIG_MAX)
      goto err;
    if (buf > to->buf || *buf != 0)
      buf++;
    else
      to->intg-=DIG_PER_DEC1;
  }
  assert(to->intg >=0);
  for (stop=from+frac0*sizeof(dec1); from < stop; from+=sizeof(dec1))
  {
    assert(sizeof(dec1) == 4);
    *buf=mi_sint4korr(from) ^ mask;
    if (((uint32_t)*buf) > DIG_MAX)
      goto err;
    buf++;
  }
  if (frac0x)
  {
    int i=dig2bytes[frac0x];
    dec1 x= 0;
    switch (i)
    {
      case 1: x=mi_sint1korr(from); break;
      case 2: x=mi_sint2korr(from); break;
      case 3: x=mi_sint3korr(from); break;
      case 4: x=mi_sint4korr(from); break;
      default: assert(0);
    }
    *buf=(x ^ mask) * powers10[DIG_PER_DEC1 - frac0x];
    if (((uint32_t)*buf) > DIG_MAX)
      goto err;
    buf++;
  }
  return error;

err:
  decimal_make_zero(((decimal_t*) to));
  return(E_DEC_BAD_NUM);
}

/**
 @brief  Returns the size of array to hold a binary representation of a decimal

 @return  Size in bytes
*/
int decimal_bin_size(int precision, int scale)
{
  int intg=precision-scale,
      intg0=intg/DIG_PER_DEC1, frac0=scale/DIG_PER_DEC1,
      intg0x=intg-intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1, frac0x=scale-frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1;

  assert(scale >= 0 && precision > 0 && scale <= precision);
  return intg0*sizeof(dec1)+dig2bytes[intg0x]+
         frac0*sizeof(dec1)+dig2bytes[frac0x];
}

/**
 @brief  Rounds the decimal to "scale" digits

 @param from    - decimal to round,
 @param to      - result buffer. from==to is allowed
 @param scale   - to what position to round. can be negative!
 @param mode    - round to nearest even or truncate

 @note
    scale can be negative !
    one TRUNCATED error (line XXX below) isn't treated very logical :(

 @return
    E_DEC_OK/E_DEC_TRUNCATED
*/
int
decimal_round(const decimal_t *from, decimal_t *to, int scale,
              decimal_round_mode mode)
{
  int frac0=scale>0 ? ROUND_UP(scale) : scale/DIG_PER_DEC1,
      frac1=ROUND_UP(from->frac), round_digit= 0,
      intg0=ROUND_UP(from->intg), error=E_DEC_OK, len=to->len,
      intg1=ROUND_UP(from->intg +
                     (((intg0 + frac0)>0) && (from->buf[0] == DIG_MAX)));
  dec1 *buf0=from->buf, *buf1=to->buf, x, y, carry=0;
  int first_dig;

  sanity(to);

  switch (mode) {
  case HALF_UP:
  case HALF_EVEN:       round_digit=5; break;
  case CEILING:         round_digit= from->sign ? 10 : 0; break;
  case FLOOR:           round_digit= from->sign ? 0 : 10; break;
  case TRUNCATE:        round_digit=10; break;
  default: assert(0);
  }

  if (unlikely(frac0+intg0 > len))
  {
    frac0=len-intg0;
    scale=frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1;
    error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
  }

  if (scale+from->intg < 0)
  {
    decimal_make_zero(to);
    return E_DEC_OK;
  }

  if (to != from || intg1>intg0)
  {
    dec1 *p0= buf0+intg0+max(frac1, frac0);
    dec1 *p1= buf1+intg1+max(frac1, frac0);

    while (buf0 < p0)
      *(--p1) = *(--p0);
    if (unlikely(intg1 > intg0))
      to->buf[0]= 0;

    intg0= intg1;
    buf0=to->buf;
    buf1=to->buf;
    to->sign=from->sign;
    to->intg=min(intg0, len)*DIG_PER_DEC1;
  }

  if (frac0 > frac1)
  {
    buf1+=intg0+frac1;
    while (frac0-- > frac1)
      *buf1++=0;
    goto done;
  }

  if (scale >= from->frac)
    goto done; /* nothing to do */

  buf0+=intg0+frac0-1;
  buf1+=intg0+frac0-1;
  if (scale == frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1)
  {
    int do_inc= false;
    assert(frac0+intg0 >= 0);
    switch (round_digit) {
    case 0:
    {
      dec1 *p0= buf0 + (frac1-frac0);
      for (; p0 > buf0; p0--)
      {
        if (*p0)
        {
          do_inc= true;
          break;
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case 5:
    {
      x= buf0[1]/DIG_MASK;
      do_inc= (x>5) || ((x == 5) &&
                        (mode == HALF_UP || (frac0+intg0 > 0 && *buf0 & 1)));
      break;
    }
    default:
      break;
    }
    if (do_inc)
    {
      if (frac0+intg0>0)
        (*buf1)++;
      else
        *(++buf1)=DIG_BASE;
    }
    else if (frac0+intg0==0)
    {
      decimal_make_zero(to);
      return E_DEC_OK;
    }
  }
  else
  {
  /** @todo fix this code as it won't work for CEILING mode */
    int pos=frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1-scale-1;
    assert(frac0+intg0 > 0);
    x=*buf1 / powers10[pos];
    y=x % 10;
    if (y > round_digit ||
        (round_digit == 5 && y == 5 && (mode == HALF_UP || (x/10) & 1)))
      x+=10;
    *buf1=powers10[pos]*(x-y);
  }
  /*
    In case we're rounding e.g. 1.5e9 to 2.0e9, the decimal_digit_t's inside
    the buffer are as follows.

    Before <1, 5e8>
    After  <2, 5e8>

    Hence we need to set the 2nd field to 0.
    The same holds if we round 1.5e-9 to 2e-9.
   */
  if (frac0 < frac1)
  {
    dec1 *buf= to->buf + ((scale == 0 && intg0 == 0) ? 1 : intg0 + frac0);
    dec1 *end= to->buf + len;

    while (buf < end)
      *buf++=0;
  }
  if (*buf1 >= DIG_BASE)
  {
    carry=1;
    *buf1-=DIG_BASE;
    while (carry && --buf1 >= to->buf)
      ADD(*buf1, *buf1, 0, carry);
    if (unlikely(carry))
    {
      /* shifting the number to create space for new digit */
      if (frac0+intg0 >= len)
      {
        frac0--;
        scale=frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1;
        error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED; /* XXX */
      }
      for (buf1=to->buf+intg0+max(frac0,0); buf1 > to->buf; buf1--)
      {
        buf1[0]=buf1[-1];
      }
      *buf1=1;
      to->intg++;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    for (;;)
    {
      if (likely(*buf1))
        break;
      if (buf1-- == to->buf)
      {
        /* making 'zero' with the proper scale */
        dec1 *p0= to->buf + frac0 + 1;
        to->intg=1;
        to->frac= max(scale, 0);
        to->sign= 0;
        for (buf1= to->buf; buf1<p0; buf1++)
          *buf1= 0;
        return E_DEC_OK;
      }
    }
  }

  /* Here we  check 999.9 -> 1000 case when we need to increase intg */
  first_dig= to->intg % DIG_PER_DEC1;
  if (first_dig && (*buf1 >= powers10[first_dig]))
    to->intg++;

  if (scale<0)
    scale=0;

done:
  to->frac=scale;
  return error;
}

static int do_add(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to)
{
  int intg1=ROUND_UP(from1->intg), intg2=ROUND_UP(from2->intg),
      frac1=ROUND_UP(from1->frac), frac2=ROUND_UP(from2->frac),
      frac0=max(frac1, frac2), intg0=max(intg1, intg2), error;
  dec1 *buf1, *buf2, *buf0, *stop, *stop2, x, carry;

  sanity(to);

  /* is there a need for extra word because of carry ? */
  x=intg1 > intg2 ? from1->buf[0] :
    intg2 > intg1 ? from2->buf[0] :
    from1->buf[0] + from2->buf[0] ;
  if (unlikely(x > DIG_MAX-1)) /* yes, there is */
  {
    intg0++;
    to->buf[0]=0; /* safety */
  }

  FIX_INTG_FRAC_ERROR(to->len, intg0, frac0, error);
  if (unlikely(error == E_DEC_OVERFLOW))
  {
    max_decimal(to->len * DIG_PER_DEC1, 0, to);
    return error;
  }

  buf0=to->buf+intg0+frac0;

  to->sign=from1->sign;
  to->frac=max(from1->frac, from2->frac);
  to->intg=intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1;
  if (unlikely(error))
  {
    set_if_smaller(to->frac, frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1);
    set_if_smaller(frac1, frac0);
    set_if_smaller(frac2, frac0);
    set_if_smaller(intg1, intg0);
    set_if_smaller(intg2, intg0);
  }

  /* part 1 - cmax(frac) ... cmin(frac) */
  if (frac1 > frac2)
  {
    buf1=from1->buf+intg1+frac1;
    stop=from1->buf+intg1+frac2;
    buf2=from2->buf+intg2+frac2;
    stop2=from1->buf+(intg1 > intg2 ? intg1-intg2 : 0);
  }
  else
  {
    buf1=from2->buf+intg2+frac2;
    stop=from2->buf+intg2+frac1;
    buf2=from1->buf+intg1+frac1;
    stop2=from2->buf+(intg2 > intg1 ? intg2-intg1 : 0);
  }
  while (buf1 > stop)
    *--buf0=*--buf1;

  /* part 2 - cmin(frac) ... cmin(intg) */
  carry=0;
  while (buf1 > stop2)
  {
    ADD(*--buf0, *--buf1, *--buf2, carry);
  }

  /* part 3 - cmin(intg) ... cmax(intg) */
  buf1= intg1 > intg2 ? ((stop=from1->buf)+intg1-intg2) :
                        ((stop=from2->buf)+intg2-intg1) ;
  while (buf1 > stop)
  {
    ADD(*--buf0, *--buf1, 0, carry);
  }

  if (unlikely(carry))
    *--buf0=1;
  assert(buf0 == to->buf || buf0 == to->buf+1);

  return error;
}

/* to=from1-from2.
   if to==0, return -1/0/+1 - the result of the comparison */
static int do_sub(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to)
{
  int intg1=ROUND_UP(from1->intg), intg2=ROUND_UP(from2->intg),
      frac1=ROUND_UP(from1->frac), frac2=ROUND_UP(from2->frac);
  int frac0=max(frac1, frac2), error;
  dec1 *buf1, *buf2, *buf0, *stop1, *stop2, *start1, *start2, carry=0;

  /* let carry:=1 if from2 > from1 */
  start1=buf1=from1->buf; stop1=buf1+intg1;
  start2=buf2=from2->buf; stop2=buf2+intg2;
  if (unlikely(*buf1 == 0))
  {
    while (buf1 < stop1 && *buf1 == 0)
      buf1++;
    start1=buf1;
    intg1= (int) (stop1-buf1);
  }
  if (unlikely(*buf2 == 0))
  {
    while (buf2 < stop2 && *buf2 == 0)
      buf2++;
    start2=buf2;
    intg2= (int) (stop2-buf2);
  }
  if (intg2 > intg1)
    carry=1;
  else if (intg2 == intg1)
  {
    dec1 *end1= stop1 + (frac1 - 1);
    dec1 *end2= stop2 + (frac2 - 1);
    while (unlikely((buf1 <= end1) && (*end1 == 0)))
      end1--;
    while (unlikely((buf2 <= end2) && (*end2 == 0)))
      end2--;
    frac1= (int) (end1 - stop1) + 1;
    frac2= (int) (end2 - stop2) + 1;
    while (buf1 <=end1 && buf2 <= end2 && *buf1 == *buf2)
      buf1++, buf2++;
    if (buf1 <= end1)
    {
      if (buf2 <= end2)
        carry= *buf2 > *buf1;
      else
        carry= 0;
    }
    else
    {
      if (buf2 <= end2)
        carry=1;
      else /* short-circuit everything: from1 == from2 */
      {
        if (to == 0) /* decimal_cmp() */
          return 0;
        decimal_make_zero(to);
        return E_DEC_OK;
      }
    }
  }

  if (to == 0) /* decimal_cmp() */
    return carry == from1->sign ? 1 : -1;

  sanity(to);

  to->sign=from1->sign;

  /* ensure that always from1 > from2 (and intg1 >= intg2) */
  if (carry)
  {
    swap_variables(const decimal_t *,from1, from2);
    swap_variables(dec1 *,start1, start2);
    swap_variables(int,intg1,intg2);
    swap_variables(int,frac1,frac2);
    to->sign= 1 - to->sign;
  }

  FIX_INTG_FRAC_ERROR(to->len, intg1, frac0, error);
  buf0=to->buf+intg1+frac0;

  to->frac=max(from1->frac, from2->frac);
  to->intg=intg1*DIG_PER_DEC1;
  if (unlikely(error))
  {
    set_if_smaller(to->frac, frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1);
    set_if_smaller(frac1, frac0);
    set_if_smaller(frac2, frac0);
    set_if_smaller(intg2, intg1);
  }
  carry=0;

  /* part 1 - cmax(frac) ... cmin(frac) */
  if (frac1 > frac2)
  {
    buf1=start1+intg1+frac1;
    stop1=start1+intg1+frac2;
    buf2=start2+intg2+frac2;
    while (frac0-- > frac1)
      *--buf0=0;
    while (buf1 > stop1)
      *--buf0=*--buf1;
  }
  else
  {
    buf1=start1+intg1+frac1;
    buf2=start2+intg2+frac2;
    stop2=start2+intg2+frac1;
    while (frac0-- > frac2)
      *--buf0=0;
    while (buf2 > stop2)
    {
      SUB(*--buf0, 0, *--buf2, carry);
    }
  }

  /* part 2 - cmin(frac) ... intg2 */
  while (buf2 > start2)
  {
    SUB(*--buf0, *--buf1, *--buf2, carry);
  }

  /* part 3 - intg2 ... intg1 */
  while (carry && buf1 > start1)
  {
    SUB(*--buf0, *--buf1, 0, carry);
  }

  while (buf1 > start1)
    *--buf0=*--buf1;

  while (buf0 > to->buf)
    *--buf0=0;

  return error;
}

int decimal_intg(const decimal_t *from)
{
  int res;
  dec1 *tmp_res;
  tmp_res= remove_leading_zeroes(from, &res);
  return res;
}

int decimal_add(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to)
{
  if (likely(from1->sign == from2->sign))
    return do_add(from1, from2, to);
  return do_sub(from1, from2, to);
}

int decimal_sub(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to)
{
  if (likely(from1->sign == from2->sign))
    return do_sub(from1, from2, to);
  return do_add(from1, from2, to);
}

int decimal_cmp(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2)
{
  if (likely(from1->sign == from2->sign))
    return do_sub(from1, from2, 0);
  return from1->sign > from2->sign ? -1 : 1;
}

int decimal_is_zero(const decimal_t *from)
{
  dec1 *buf1=from->buf,
       *end=buf1+ROUND_UP(from->intg)+ROUND_UP(from->frac);
  while (buf1 < end)
    if (*buf1++)
      return 0;
  return 1;
}

/**
 @brief multiply two decimals

 @param[in]   from1  First factor
 @param[in]   from2  Second factor
 @param[out]  to     product

 @return
    E_DEC_OK/E_DEC_TRUNCATED/E_DEC_OVERFLOW;

 @note
    in this implementation, with sizeof(dec1)=4 we have DIG_PER_DEC1=9,
    and 63-digit number will take only 7 dec1 words (basically a 7-digit
    "base 999999999" number).  Thus there's no need in fast multiplication
    algorithms, 7-digit numbers can be multiplied with a naive O(n*n)
    method.

    XXX if this library is to be used with huge numbers of thousands of
    digits, fast multiplication must be implemented.
*/
int decimal_mul(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to)
{
  int intg1=ROUND_UP(from1->intg), intg2=ROUND_UP(from2->intg),
      frac1=ROUND_UP(from1->frac), frac2=ROUND_UP(from2->frac),
      intg0=ROUND_UP(from1->intg+from2->intg),
      frac0=frac1+frac2, error, i, j, d_to_move;
  dec1 *buf1=from1->buf+intg1, *buf2=from2->buf+intg2, *buf0,
       *start2, *stop2, *stop1, *start0, carry;

  sanity(to);

  i=intg0;
  j=frac0;
  FIX_INTG_FRAC_ERROR(to->len, intg0, frac0, error);
  to->sign=from1->sign != from2->sign;
  to->frac=from1->frac+from2->frac;
  to->intg=intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1;

  if (unlikely(error))
  {
    set_if_smaller(to->frac, frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1);
    set_if_smaller(to->intg, intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1);
    if (unlikely(i > intg0))
    {
      i-=intg0;
      j=i >> 1;
      intg1-= j;
      intg2-=i-j;
      frac1=frac2=0; /* frac0 is already 0 here */
    }
    else
    {
      j-=frac0;
      i=j >> 1;
      frac1-= i;
      frac2-=j-i;
    }
  }
  start0=to->buf+intg0+frac0-1;
  start2=buf2+frac2-1;
  stop1=buf1-intg1;
  stop2=buf2-intg2;

  memset(to->buf, 0, (intg0+frac0)*sizeof(dec1));

  for (buf1+=frac1-1; buf1 >= stop1; buf1--, start0--)
  {
    carry=0;
    for (buf0=start0, buf2=start2; buf2 >= stop2; buf2--, buf0--)
    {
      dec1 hi, lo;
      dec2 p= ((dec2)*buf1) * ((dec2)*buf2);
      hi=(dec1)(p/DIG_BASE);
      lo=(dec1)(p-((dec2)hi)*DIG_BASE);
      ADD2(*buf0, *buf0, lo, carry);
      carry+=hi;
    }
    if (carry)
    {
      if (buf0 < to->buf)
        return E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
      ADD2(*buf0, *buf0, 0, carry);
    }
    for (buf0--; carry; buf0--)
    {
      if (buf0 < to->buf)
        return E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
      ADD(*buf0, *buf0, 0, carry);
    }
  }

  /* Now we have to check for -0.000 case */
  if (to->sign)
  {
    dec1 *buf= to->buf;
    dec1 *end= to->buf + intg0 + frac0;
    assert(buf != end);
    for (;;)
    {
      if (*buf)
        break;
      if (++buf == end)
      {
        /* We got decimal zero */
        decimal_make_zero(to);
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  buf1= to->buf;
  d_to_move= intg0 + ROUND_UP(to->frac);
  while (!*buf1 && (to->intg > DIG_PER_DEC1))
  {
    buf1++;
    to->intg-= DIG_PER_DEC1;
    d_to_move--;
  }
  if (to->buf < buf1)
  {
    dec1 *cur_d= to->buf;
    for (; d_to_move--; cur_d++, buf1++)
      *cur_d= *buf1;
  }
  return error;
}

/**
  naive division algorithm (Knuth's Algorithm D in 4.3.1) -
  it's ok for short numbers
  also we're using alloca() to allocate a temporary buffer

  @todo
  If this library is to be used with huge numbers of thousands of
  digits, fast division must be implemented and alloca should be
  changed to malloc (or at least fallback to malloc if alloca() fails)
  but then, decimal_mul() should be rewritten too :(
*/
static int do_div_mod(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2,
                       decimal_t *to, decimal_t *mod, int scale_incr)
{
  int frac1=ROUND_UP(from1->frac)*DIG_PER_DEC1, prec1=from1->intg+frac1,
      frac2=ROUND_UP(from2->frac)*DIG_PER_DEC1, prec2=from2->intg+frac2,
      error= 0, i, intg0, frac0, len1, len2, dintg, div_mod=(!mod);
  dec1 *buf0, *buf1=from1->buf, *buf2=from2->buf, *tmp1,
       *start2, *stop2, *stop1, *stop0, norm2, carry, *start1, dcarry;
  dec2 norm_factor, x, guess, y;

  if (mod)
    to=mod;

  sanity(to);

  /* removing all the leading zeroes */
  i= ((prec2 - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1) + 1;
  while (prec2 > 0 && *buf2 == 0)
  {
    prec2-= i;
    i= DIG_PER_DEC1;
    buf2++;
  }
  if (prec2 <= 0) /* short-circuit everything: from2 == 0 */
    return E_DEC_DIV_ZERO;
  for (i= (prec2 - 1) % DIG_PER_DEC1; *buf2 < powers10[i--]; prec2--) ;
  assert(prec2 > 0);

  i=((prec1-1) % DIG_PER_DEC1)+1;
  while (prec1 > 0 && *buf1 == 0)
  {
    prec1-=i;
    i=DIG_PER_DEC1;
    buf1++;
  }
  if (prec1 <= 0)
  { /* short-circuit everything: from1 == 0 */
    decimal_make_zero(to);
    return E_DEC_OK;
  }
  for (i=(prec1-1) % DIG_PER_DEC1; *buf1 < powers10[i--]; prec1--) ;
  assert(prec1 > 0);

  /* let's fix scale_incr, taking into account frac1,frac2 increase */
  if ((scale_incr-= frac1 - from1->frac + frac2 - from2->frac) < 0)
    scale_incr=0;

  dintg=(prec1-frac1)-(prec2-frac2)+(*buf1 >= *buf2);
  if (dintg < 0)
  {
    dintg/=DIG_PER_DEC1;
    intg0=0;
  }
  else
    intg0=ROUND_UP(dintg);
  if (mod)
  {
    /* we're calculating N1 % N2.
       The result will have
         frac=cmax(frac1, frac2), as for subtraction
         intg=intg2
    */
    to->sign=from1->sign;
    to->frac=max(from1->frac, from2->frac);
    frac0=0;
  }
  else
  {
    /*
      we're calculating N1/N2. N1 is in the buf1, has prec1 digits
      N2 is in the buf2, has prec2 digits. Scales are frac1 and
      frac2 accordingly.
      Thus, the result will have
         frac = ROUND_UP(frac1+frac2+scale_incr)
      and
         intg = (prec1-frac1) - (prec2-frac2) + 1
         prec = intg+frac
    */
    frac0=ROUND_UP(frac1+frac2+scale_incr);
    FIX_INTG_FRAC_ERROR(to->len, intg0, frac0, error);
    to->sign=from1->sign != from2->sign;
    to->intg=intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1;
    to->frac=frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1;
  }
  buf0=to->buf;
  stop0=buf0+intg0+frac0;
  if (likely(div_mod))
    while (dintg++ < 0)
      *buf0++=0;

  len1=(i=ROUND_UP(prec1))+ROUND_UP(2*frac2+scale_incr+1) + 1;
  set_if_bigger(len1, 3);
  if (!(tmp1=(dec1 *)alloca(len1*sizeof(dec1))))
    return E_DEC_OOM;
  memcpy(tmp1, buf1, i*sizeof(dec1));
  memset(tmp1+i, 0, (len1-i)*sizeof(dec1));

  start1=tmp1;
  stop1=start1+len1;
  start2=buf2;
  stop2=buf2+ROUND_UP(prec2)-1;

  /* removing end zeroes */
  while (*stop2 == 0 && stop2 >= start2)
    stop2--;
  len2= (int) (stop2++ - start2);

  /*
    calculating norm2 (normalized *start2) - we need *start2 to be large
    (at least > DIG_BASE/2), but unlike Knuth's Alg. D we don't want to
    normalize input numbers (as we don't make a copy of the divisor).
    Thus we normalize first dec1 of buf2 only, and we'll normalize *start1
    on the fly for the purpose of guesstimation only.
    It's also faster, as we're saving on normalization of buf2
  */
  norm_factor=DIG_BASE/(*start2+1);
  norm2=(dec1)(norm_factor*start2[0]);
  if (likely(len2>0))
    norm2+=(dec1)(norm_factor*start2[1]/DIG_BASE);

  if (*start1 < *start2)
    dcarry=*start1++;
  else
    dcarry=0;

  /* main loop */
  for (; buf0 < stop0; buf0++)
  {
    /* short-circuit, if possible */
    if (unlikely(dcarry == 0 && *start1 < *start2))
      guess=0;
    else
    {
      /* D3: make a guess */
      x=start1[0]+((dec2)dcarry)*DIG_BASE;
      y=start1[1];
      guess=(norm_factor*x+norm_factor*y/DIG_BASE)/norm2;
      if (unlikely(guess >= DIG_BASE))
        guess=DIG_BASE-1;
      if (likely(len2>0))
      {
        /* hmm, this is a suspicious trick - I removed normalization here */
        if (start2[1]*guess > (x-guess*start2[0])*DIG_BASE+y)
          guess--;
        if (unlikely(start2[1]*guess > (x-guess*start2[0])*DIG_BASE+y))
          guess--;
        assert(start2[1]*guess <= (x-guess*start2[0])*DIG_BASE+y);
      }

      /* D4: multiply and subtract */
      buf2=stop2;
      buf1=start1+len2;
      assert(buf1 < stop1);
      for (carry=0; buf2 > start2; buf1--)
      {
        dec1 hi, lo;
        x=guess * (*--buf2);
        hi=(dec1)(x/DIG_BASE);
        lo=(dec1)(x-((dec2)hi)*DIG_BASE);
        SUB2(*buf1, *buf1, lo, carry);
        carry+=hi;
      }
      carry= dcarry < carry;

      /* D5: check the remainder */
      if (unlikely(carry))
      {
        /* D6: correct the guess */
        guess--;
        buf2=stop2;
        buf1=start1+len2;
        for (carry=0; buf2 > start2; buf1--)
        {
          ADD(*buf1, *buf1, *--buf2, carry);
        }
      }
    }
    if (likely(div_mod))
      *buf0=(dec1)guess;
    dcarry= *start1;
    start1++;
  }
  if (mod)
  {
    /*
      now the result is in tmp1, it has
        intg=prec1-frac1
        frac=cmax(frac1, frac2)=to->frac
    */
    if (dcarry)
      *--start1=dcarry;
    buf0=to->buf;
    intg0=(int) (ROUND_UP(prec1-frac1)-(start1-tmp1));
    frac0=ROUND_UP(to->frac);
    error=E_DEC_OK;
    if (unlikely(frac0==0 && intg0==0))
    {
      decimal_make_zero(to);
      goto done;
    }
    if (intg0<=0)
    {
      if (unlikely(-intg0 >= to->len))
      {
        decimal_make_zero(to);
        error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
        goto done;
      }
      stop1=start1+frac0;
      frac0+=intg0;
      to->intg=0;
      while (intg0++ < 0)
        *buf0++=0;
    }
    else
    {
      if (unlikely(intg0 > to->len))
      {
        frac0=0;
        intg0=to->len;
        error=E_DEC_OVERFLOW;
        goto done;
      }
      assert(intg0 <= ROUND_UP(from2->intg));
      stop1=start1+frac0+intg0;
      to->intg=min(intg0*DIG_PER_DEC1, from2->intg);
    }
    if (unlikely(intg0+frac0 > to->len))
    {
      stop1-=frac0+intg0-to->len;
      frac0=to->len-intg0;
      to->frac=frac0*DIG_PER_DEC1;
        error=E_DEC_TRUNCATED;
    }
    assert(buf0 + (stop1 - start1) <= to->buf + to->len);
    while (start1 < stop1)
        *buf0++=*start1++;
  }
done:
  return error;
}

/**
 @brief  division of two decimals

 @param[in]  from1   dividend
 @param[in]  from2   divisor
 @param[out] to      quotient

 @return
    E_DEC_OK/E_DEC_TRUNCATED/E_DEC_OVERFLOW/E_DEC_DIV_ZERO;

 @note
    see do_div_mod()
*/
int
decimal_div(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to, int scale_incr)
{
  return do_div_mod(from1, from2, to, 0, scale_incr);
}

/**
 @brief modulus

 the modulus R in    R = M mod N

 is defined as

 0 <= |R| < |M|
 sign R == sign M
 R = M - k*N, where k is integer
 
 thus, there's no requirement for M or N to be integers


 @param from1   dividend
 @param from2   divisor
 @param to      modulus

 @return
    E_DEC_OK/E_DEC_TRUNCATED/E_DEC_OVERFLOW/E_DEC_DIV_ZERO;

 @note
    see do_div_mod()

*/
int decimal_mod(const decimal_t *from1, const decimal_t *from2, decimal_t *to)
{
  return do_div_mod(from1, from2, 0, to, 0);
}

} /* namespace drizzled */

#ifdef MAIN

int full= 0;
decimal_t a, b, c;
char buf1[100], buf2[100], buf3[100];

void dump_decimal(decimal_t *d)
{
  int i;
  printf("/* intg=%d, frac=%d, sign=%d, buf[]={", d->intg, d->frac, d->sign);
  for (i=0; i < ROUND_UP(d->frac)+ROUND_UP(d->intg)-1; i++)
    printf("%09d, ", d->buf[i]);
  printf("%09d} */ ", d->buf[i]);
}


void check_result_code(int actual, int want)
{
  if (actual != want)
  {
    printf("\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^ must return %d\n", want);
    exit(1);
  }
}


void print_decimal(decimal_t *d, const char *orig, int actual, int want)
{
  char s[100];
  int slen=sizeof(s);

  if (full) dump_decimal(d);
  decimal2string(d, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  printf("'%s'", s);
  check_result_code(actual, want);
  if (orig && strcmp(orig, s))
  {
    printf("\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^ must've been '%s'\n", orig);
    exit(1);
  }
}

void test_d2s()
{
  char s[100];
  int slen, res;

  /***********************************/
  printf("==== decimal2string ====\n");
  a.buf[0]=12345; a.intg=5; a.frac=0; a.sign=0;
  slen=sizeof(s);
  res=decimal2string(&a, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  dump_decimal(&a); printf("  -->  res=%d str='%s' len=%d\n", res, s, slen);

  a.buf[1]=987000000; a.frac=3;
  slen=sizeof(s);
  res=decimal2string(&a, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  dump_decimal(&a); printf("  -->  res=%d str='%s' len=%d\n", res, s, slen);

  a.sign=1;
  slen=sizeof(s);
  res=decimal2string(&a, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  dump_decimal(&a); printf("  -->  res=%d str='%s' len=%d\n", res, s, slen);

  slen=8;
  res=decimal2string(&a, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  dump_decimal(&a); printf("  -->  res=%d str='%s' len=%d\n", res, s, slen);

  slen=5;
  res=decimal2string(&a, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  dump_decimal(&a); printf("  -->  res=%d str='%s' len=%d\n", res, s, slen);

  a.buf[0]=987000000; a.frac=3; a.intg=0;
  slen=sizeof(s);
  res=decimal2string(&a, s, &slen, 0, 0, 0);
  dump_decimal(&a); printf("  -->  res=%d str='%s' len=%d\n", res, s, slen);
}

void test_s2d(const char *s, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s1[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s1, sizeof(s1), "'%s'", s);
  end= strend(s);
  printf("len=%2d %-30s => res=%d    ", a.len, s1,
         (res= string2decimal(s, &a, &end)));
  print_decimal(&a, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_d2f(const char *s, int ex)
{
  char s1[100], *end;
  double x;
  int res;

  snprintf(s1, sizeof(s1), "'%s'", s);
  end= strend(s);
  string2decimal(s, &a, &end);
  res=decimal2double(&a, &x);
  if (full) dump_decimal(&a);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    %.*g\n", s1, res, a.intg+a.frac, x);
  check_result_code(res, ex);
}

void test_d2b2d(const char *str, int p, int s, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s1[100], buf[100], *end;
  int res, i, size=decimal_bin_size(p, s);

  snprintf(s1, sizeof(s1), "'%s'", str);
  end= strend(str);
  string2decimal(str, &a, &end);
  res=decimal2bin(&a, buf, p, s);
  printf("%-31s {%2d, %2d} => res=%d size=%-2d ", s1, p, s, res, size);
  if (full)
  {
    printf("0x");
    for (i=0; i < size; i++)
      printf("%02x", ((unsigned char *)buf)[i]);
  }
  res=bin2decimal(buf, &a, p, s);
  printf(" => res=%d ", res);
  print_decimal(&a, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_f2d(double from, int ex)
{
  int res;

  res=double2decimal(from, &a);
  printf("%-40.*f => res=%d    ", DBL_DIG-2, from, res);
  print_decimal(&a, 0, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_ull2d(uint64_t from, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100];
  int res;

  res=uint64_t2decimal(from, &a);
  internal::int64_t10_to_str(from,s,10);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&a, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_ll2d(int64_t from, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100];
  int res;

  res=int64_t2decimal(from, &a);
  internal::int64_t10_to_str(from,s,-10);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&a, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_d2ull(const char *s, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s1[100], *end;
  uint64_t x;
  int res;

  end= strend(s);
  string2decimal(s, &a, &end);
  res=decimal2uint64_t(&a, &x);
  if (full) dump_decimal(&a);
  internal::int64_t10_to_str(x,s1,10);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    %s\n", s, res, s1);
  check_result_code(res, ex);
  if (orig && strcmp(orig, s1))
  {
    printf("\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^ must've been '%s'\n", orig);
    exit(1);
  }
}

void test_d2ll(const char *s, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s1[100], *end;
  int64_t x;
  int res;

  end= strend(s);
  string2decimal(s, &a, &end);
  res=decimal2int64_t(&a, &x);
  if (full) dump_decimal(&a);
  internal::int64_t10_to_str(x,s1,-10);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    %s\n", s, res, s1);
  check_result_code(res, ex);
  if (orig && strcmp(orig, s1))
  {
    printf("\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^ must've been '%s'\n", orig);
    exit(1);
  }
}

void test_da(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' + '%s'", s1, s2);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  end= strend(s2);
  string2decimal(s2, &b, &end);
  res=decimal_add(&a, &b, &c);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&c, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_ds(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' - '%s'", s1, s2);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  end= strend(s2);
  string2decimal(s2, &b, &end);
  res=decimal_sub(&a, &b, &c);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&c, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_dc(const char *s1, const char *s2, int orig)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' <=> '%s'", s1, s2);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  end= strend(s2);
  string2decimal(s2, &b, &end);
  res=decimal_cmp(&a, &b);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d\n", s, res);
  if (orig != res)
  {
    printf("\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^ must've been %d\n", orig);
    exit(1);
  }
}

void test_dm(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' * '%s'", s1, s2);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  end= strend(s2);
  string2decimal(s2, &b, &end);
  res=decimal_mul(&a, &b, &c);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&c, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_dv(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' / '%s'", s1, s2);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  end= strend(s2);
  string2decimal(s2, &b, &end);
  res=decimal_div(&a, &b, &c, 5);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  check_result_code(res, ex);
  if (res == E_DEC_DIV_ZERO)
    printf("E_DEC_DIV_ZERO");
  else
    print_decimal(&c, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

void test_md(const char *s1, const char *s2, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' %% '%s'", s1, s2);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  end= strend(s2);
  string2decimal(s2, &b, &end);
  res=decimal_mod(&a, &b, &c);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  check_result_code(res, ex);
  if (res == E_DEC_DIV_ZERO)
    printf("E_DEC_DIV_ZERO");
  else
    print_decimal(&c, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}

const char *round_mode[]=
{"TRUNCATE", "HALF_EVEN", "HALF_UP", "CEILING", "FLOOR"};

void test_ro(const char *s1, int n, decimal_round_mode mode, const char *orig,
             int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s', %d, %s", s1, n, round_mode[mode]);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  res=decimal_round(&a, &b, n, mode);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&b, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}


void test_mx(int precision, int frac, const char *orig)
{
  char s[100];
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "%d, %d", precision, frac);
  max_decimal(precision, frac, &a);
  printf("%-40s =>          ", s);
  print_decimal(&a, orig, 0, 0);
  printf("\n");
}


void test_pr(const char *s1, int prec, int dec, char filler, const char *orig,
             int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  char s2[100];
  int slen= sizeof(s2);
  int res;

  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), filler ? "'%s', %d, %d, '%c'" : "'%s', %d, %d, '\\0'",
          s1, prec, dec, filler);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  res= decimal2string(&a, s2, &slen, prec, dec, filler);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    '%s'", s, res, s2);
  check_result_code(res, ex);
  if (orig && strcmp(orig, s2))
  {
    printf("\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^ must've been '%s'\n", orig);
    exit(1);
  }
  printf("\n");
}


void test_sh(const char *s1, int shift, const char *orig, int ex)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  int res;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s' %s %d", s1, ((shift < 0) ? ">>" : "<<"), abs(shift));
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  res= decimal_shift(&a, shift);
  printf("%-40s => res=%d    ", s, res);
  print_decimal(&a, orig, res, ex);
  printf("\n");
}


void test_fr(const char *s1, const char *orig)
{
  char s[100], *end;
  snprintf(s, sizeof(s), "'%s'", s1);
  printf("%-40s =>          ", s);
  end= strend(s1);
  string2decimal(s1, &a, &end);
  a.frac= decimal_actual_fraction(&a);
  print_decimal(&a, orig, 0, 0);
  printf("\n");
}


int main()
{
  a.buf=(void*)buf1;
  a.len=sizeof(buf1)/sizeof(dec1);
  b.buf=(void*)buf2;
  b.len=sizeof(buf2)/sizeof(dec1);
  c.buf=(void*)buf3;
  c.len=sizeof(buf3)/sizeof(dec1);

  if (full)
    test_d2s();

  printf("==== string2decimal ====\n");
  test_s2d("12345", "12345", 0);
  test_s2d("12345.", "12345", 0);
  test_s2d("123.45", "123.45", 0);
  test_s2d("-123.45", "-123.45", 0);
  test_s2d(".00012345000098765", "0.00012345000098765", 0);
  test_s2d(".12345000098765", "0.12345000098765", 0);
  test_s2d("-.000000012345000098765", "-0.000000012345000098765", 0);
  test_s2d("1234500009876.5", "1234500009876.5", 0);
  a.len=1;
  test_s2d("123450000098765", "98765", 2);
  test_s2d("123450.000098765", "123450", 1);
  a.len=sizeof(buf1)/sizeof(dec1);
  test_s2d("123E5", "12300000", 0);
  test_s2d("123E-2", "1.23", 0);

  printf("==== decimal2double ====\n");
  test_d2f("12345", 0);
  test_d2f("123.45", 0);
  test_d2f("-123.45", 0);
  test_d2f("0.00012345000098765", 0);
  test_d2f("1234500009876.5", 0);

  printf("==== double2decimal ====\n");
  test_f2d(12345, 0);
  test_f2d(1.0/3, 0);
  test_f2d(-123.45, 0);
  test_f2d(0.00012345000098765, 0);
  test_f2d(1234500009876.5, 0);

  printf("==== uint64_t2decimal ====\n");
  test_ull2d(12345ULL, "12345", 0);
  test_ull2d(0ULL, "0", 0);
  test_ull2d(18446744073709551615ULL, "18446744073709551615", 0);

  printf("==== decimal2uint64_t ====\n");
  test_d2ull("12345", "12345", 0);
  test_d2ull("0", "0", 0);
  test_d2ull("18446744073709551615", "18446744073709551615", 0);
  test_d2ull("18446744073709551616", "18446744073", 2);
  test_d2ull("-1", "0", 2);
  test_d2ull("1.23", "1", 1);
  test_d2ull("9999999999999999999999999.000", "9999999999999999", 2);

  printf("==== int64_t2decimal ====\n");
  test_ll2d(12345LL, "-12345", 0);
  test_ll2d(1LL, "-1", 0);
  test_ll2d(9223372036854775807LL, "-9223372036854775807", 0);
  test_ll2d(9223372036854775808ULL, "-9223372036854775808", 0);

  printf("==== decimal2int64_t ====\n");
  test_d2ll("18446744073709551615", "18446744073", 2);
  test_d2ll("-1", "-1", 0);
  test_d2ll("-1.23", "-1", 1);
  test_d2ll("-9223372036854775807", "-9223372036854775807", 0);
  test_d2ll("-9223372036854775808", "-9223372036854775808", 0);
  test_d2ll("9223372036854775808", "9223372036854775807", 2);

  printf("==== do_add ====\n");
  test_da(".00012345000098765" ,"123.45", "123.45012345000098765", 0);
  test_da(".1" ,".45", "0.55", 0);
  test_da("1234500009876.5" ,".00012345000098765", "1234500009876.50012345000098765", 0);
  test_da("9999909999999.5" ,".555", "9999910000000.055", 0);
  test_da("99999999" ,"1", "100000000", 0);
  test_da("989999999" ,"1", "990000000", 0);
  test_da("999999999" ,"1", "1000000000", 0);
  test_da("12345" ,"123.45", "12468.45", 0);
  test_da("-12345" ,"-123.45", "-12468.45", 0);
  test_ds("-12345" ,"123.45", "-12468.45", 0);
  test_ds("12345" ,"-123.45", "12468.45", 0);

  printf("==== do_sub ====\n");
  test_ds(".00012345000098765", "123.45","-123.44987654999901235", 0);
  test_ds("1234500009876.5", ".00012345000098765","1234500009876.49987654999901235", 0);
  test_ds("9999900000000.5", ".555","9999899999999.945", 0);
  test_ds("1111.5551", "1111.555","0.0001", 0);
  test_ds(".555", ".555","0", 0);
  test_ds("10000000", "1","9999999", 0);
  test_ds("1000001000", ".1","1000000999.9", 0);
  test_ds("1000000000", ".1","999999999.9", 0);
  test_ds("12345", "123.45","12221.55", 0);
  test_ds("-12345", "-123.45","-12221.55", 0);
  test_da("-12345", "123.45","-12221.55", 0);
  test_da("12345", "-123.45","12221.55", 0);
  test_ds("123.45", "12345","-12221.55", 0);
  test_ds("-123.45", "-12345","12221.55", 0);
  test_da("123.45", "-12345","-12221.55", 0);
  test_da("-123.45", "12345","12221.55", 0);
  test_da("5", "-6.0","-1.0", 0);

  printf("==== decimal_mul ====\n");
  test_dm("12", "10","120", 0);
  test_dm("-123.456", "98765.4321","-12193185.1853376", 0);
  test_dm("-123456000000", "98765432100000","-12193185185337600000000000", 0);
  test_dm("123456", "987654321","121931851853376", 0);
  test_dm("123456", "9876543210","1219318518533760", 0);
  test_dm("123", "0.01","1.23", 0);
  test_dm("123", "0","0", 0);

  printf("==== decimal_div ====\n");
  test_dv("120", "10","12.000000000", 0);
  test_dv("123", "0.01","12300.000000000", 0);
  test_dv("120", "100000000000.00000","0.000000001200000000", 0);
  test_dv("123", "0","", 4);
  test_dv("0", "0", "", 4);
  test_dv("-12193185.1853376", "98765.4321","-123.456000000000000000", 0);
  test_dv("121931851853376", "987654321","123456.000000000", 0);
  test_dv("0", "987","0", 0);
  test_dv("1", "3","0.333333333", 0);
  test_dv("1.000000000000", "3","0.333333333333333333", 0);
  test_dv("1", "1","1.000000000", 0);
  test_dv("0.0123456789012345678912345", "9999999999","0.000000000001234567890246913578148141", 0);
  test_dv("10.333000000", "12.34500","0.837019036046982584042122316", 0);
  test_dv("10.000000000060", "2","5.000000000030000000", 0);

  printf("==== decimal_mod ====\n");
  test_md("234","10","4", 0);
  test_md("234.567","10.555","2.357", 0);
  test_md("-234.567","10.555","-2.357", 0);
  test_md("234.567","-10.555","2.357", 0);
  c.buf[1]=0x3ABECA;
  test_md("99999999999999999999999999999999999999","3","0", 0);
  if (c.buf[1] != 0x3ABECA)
  {
    printf("%X - overflow\n", c.buf[1]);
    exit(1);
  }

  printf("==== decimal2bin/bin2decimal ====\n");
  test_d2b2d("-10.55", 4, 2,"-10.55", 0);
  test_d2b2d("0.0123456789012345678912345", 30, 25,"0.0123456789012345678912345", 0);
  test_d2b2d("12345", 5, 0,"12345", 0);
  test_d2b2d("12345", 10, 3,"12345.000", 0);
  test_d2b2d("123.45", 10, 3,"123.450", 0);
  test_d2b2d("-123.45", 20, 10,"-123.4500000000", 0);
  test_d2b2d(".00012345000098765", 15, 14,"0.00012345000098", 0);
  test_d2b2d(".00012345000098765", 22, 20,"0.00012345000098765000", 0);
  test_d2b2d(".12345000098765", 30, 20,"0.12345000098765000000", 0);
  test_d2b2d("-.000000012345000098765", 30, 20,"-0.00000001234500009876", 0);
  test_d2b2d("1234500009876.5", 30, 5,"1234500009876.50000", 0);
  test_d2b2d("111111111.11", 10, 2,"11111111.11", 0);
  test_d2b2d("000000000.01", 7, 3,"0.010", 0);
  test_d2b2d("123.4", 10, 2, "123.40", 0);


  printf("==== decimal_cmp ====\n");
  test_dc("12","13",-1);
  test_dc("13","12",1);
  test_dc("-10","10",-1);
  test_dc("10","-10",1);
  test_dc("-12","-13",1);
  test_dc("0","12",-1);
  test_dc("-10","0",-1);
  test_dc("4","4",0);

  printf("==== decimal_round ====\n");
  test_ro("5678.123451",-4,TRUNCATE,"0", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",-3,TRUNCATE,"5000", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",-2,TRUNCATE,"5600", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",-1,TRUNCATE,"5670", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",0,TRUNCATE,"5678", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",1,TRUNCATE,"5678.1", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",2,TRUNCATE,"5678.12", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",3,TRUNCATE,"5678.123", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",4,TRUNCATE,"5678.1234", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",5,TRUNCATE,"5678.12345", 0);
  test_ro("5678.123451",6,TRUNCATE,"5678.123451", 0);
  test_ro("-5678.123451",-4,TRUNCATE,"0", 0);
  memset(buf2, 33, sizeof(buf2));
  test_ro("99999999999999999999999999999999999999",-31,TRUNCATE,"99999990000000000000000000000000000000", 0);
  test_ro("15.1",0,HALF_UP,"15", 0);
  test_ro("15.5",0,HALF_UP,"16", 0);
  test_ro("15.9",0,HALF_UP,"16", 0);
  test_ro("-15.1",0,HALF_UP,"-15", 0);
  test_ro("-15.5",0,HALF_UP,"-16", 0);
  test_ro("-15.9",0,HALF_UP,"-16", 0);
  test_ro("15.1",1,HALF_UP,"15.1", 0);
  test_ro("-15.1",1,HALF_UP,"-15.1", 0);
  test_ro("15.17",1,HALF_UP,"15.2", 0);
  test_ro("15.4",-1,HALF_UP,"20", 0);
  test_ro("-15.4",-1,HALF_UP,"-20", 0);
  test_ro("5.4",-1,HALF_UP,"10", 0);
  test_ro(".999", 0, HALF_UP, "1", 0);
  memset(buf2, 33, sizeof(buf2));
  test_ro("999999999", -9, HALF_UP, "1000000000", 0);
  test_ro("15.1",0,HALF_EVEN,"15", 0);
  test_ro("15.5",0,HALF_EVEN,"16", 0);
  test_ro("14.5",0,HALF_EVEN,"14", 0);
  test_ro("15.9",0,HALF_EVEN,"16", 0);
  test_ro("15.1",0,CEILING,"16", 0);
  test_ro("-15.1",0,CEILING,"-15", 0);
  test_ro("15.1",0,FLOOR,"15", 0);
  test_ro("-15.1",0,FLOOR,"-16", 0);
  test_ro("999999999999999999999.999", 0, CEILING,"1000000000000000000000", 0);
  test_ro("-999999999999999999999.999", 0, FLOOR,"-1000000000000000000000", 0);

  b.buf[0]=DIG_BASE+1;
  b.buf++;
  test_ro(".3", 0, HALF_UP, "0", 0);
  b.buf--;
  if (b.buf[0] != DIG_BASE+1)
  {
    printf("%d - underflow\n", b.buf[0]);
    exit(1);
  }

  printf("==== max_decimal ====\n");
  test_mx(1,1,"0.9");
  test_mx(1,0,"9");
  test_mx(2,1,"9.9");
  test_mx(4,2,"99.99");
  test_mx(6,3,"999.999");
  test_mx(8,4,"9999.9999");
  test_mx(10,5,"99999.99999");
  test_mx(12,6,"999999.999999");
  test_mx(14,7,"9999999.9999999");
  test_mx(16,8,"99999999.99999999");
  test_mx(18,9,"999999999.999999999");
  test_mx(20,10,"9999999999.9999999999");
  test_mx(20,20,"0.99999999999999999999");
  test_mx(20,0,"99999999999999999999");
  test_mx(40,20,"99999999999999999999.99999999999999999999");

  printf("==== decimal2string ====\n");
  test_pr("123.123", 0, 0, 0, "123.123", 0);
  test_pr("123.123", 7, 3, '0', "123.123", 0);
  test_pr("123.123", 9, 3, '0', "00123.123", 0);
  test_pr("123.123", 9, 4, '0', "0123.1230", 0);
  test_pr("123.123", 9, 5, '0', "123.12300", 0);
  test_pr("123.123", 9, 2, '0', "000123.12", 1);
  test_pr("123.123", 9, 6, '0', "23.123000", 2);

  printf("==== decimal_shift ====\n");
  test_sh("123.123", 1, "1231.23", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 1, "1234571891.23123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 4, "1234571891231.23456789", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 8, "12345718912312345.6789", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 9, "123457189123123456.789", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 10, "1234571891231234567.89", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 17, "12345718912312345678900000", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 18, "123457189123123456789000000", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 19, "1234571891231234567890000000", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 26, "12345718912312345678900000000000000", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 27, "123457189123123456789000000000000000", 0);
  test_sh("123457189.123123456789000", 28, "1234571891231234567890000000000000000", 0);
  test_sh("000000000000000000000000123457189.123123456789000", 26, "12345718912312345678900000000000000", 0);
  test_sh("00000000123457189.123123456789000", 27, "123457189123123456789000000000000000", 0);
  test_sh("00000000000000000123457189.123123456789000", 28, "1234571891231234567890000000000000000", 0);
  test_sh("123", 1, "1230", 0);
  test_sh("123", 10, "1230000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".123", 1, "1.23", 0);
  test_sh(".123", 10, "1230000000", 0);
  test_sh(".123", 14, "12300000000000", 0);
  test_sh("000.000", 1000, "0", 0);
  test_sh("000.", 1000, "0", 0);
  test_sh(".000", 1000, "0", 0);
  test_sh("1", 1000, "1", 2);
  test_sh("123.123", -1, "12.3123", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -1, "12398765432.1123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -2, "1239876543.21123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -3, "123987654.321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -8, "1239.87654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -9, "123.987654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -10, "12.3987654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -11, "1.23987654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -12, "0.123987654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -13, "0.0123987654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("123987654321.123456789000", -14, "0.00123987654321123456789", 0);
  test_sh("00000087654321.123456789000", -14, "0.00000087654321123456789", 0);
  a.len= 2;
  test_sh("123.123", -2, "1.23123", 0);
  test_sh("123.123", -3, "0.123123", 0);
  test_sh("123.123", -6, "0.000123123", 0);
  test_sh("123.123", -7, "0.0000123123", 0);
  test_sh("123.123", -15, "0.000000000000123123", 0);
  test_sh("123.123", -16, "0.000000000000012312", 1);
  test_sh("123.123", -17, "0.000000000000001231", 1);
  test_sh("123.123", -18, "0.000000000000000123", 1);
  test_sh("123.123", -19, "0.000000000000000012", 1);
  test_sh("123.123", -20, "0.000000000000000001", 1);
  test_sh("123.123", -21, "0", 1);
  test_sh(".000000000123", -1, "0.0000000000123", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", -6, "0.000000000000000123", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", -7, "0.000000000000000012", 1);
  test_sh(".000000000123", -8, "0.000000000000000001", 1);
  test_sh(".000000000123", -9, "0", 1);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 1, "0.00000000123", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 8, "0.0123", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 9, "0.123", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 10, "1.23", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 17, "12300000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 18, "123000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 19, "1230000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 20, "12300000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 21, "123000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 22, "1230000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 23, "12300000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 24, "123000000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 25, "1230000000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 26, "12300000000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 27, "123000000000000000", 0);
  test_sh(".000000000123", 28, "0.000000000123", 2);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -1, "12345678.998765432", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -2, "1234567.899876543", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -8, "1.234567900", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -9, "0.123456789987654321", 0);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -10, "0.012345678998765432", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -17, "0.000000001234567900", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -18, "0.000000000123456790", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -19, "0.000000000012345679", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -26, "0.000000000000000001", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", -27, "0", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 1, "1234567900", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 2, "12345678999", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 4, "1234567899877", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 8, "12345678998765432", 1);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 9, "123456789987654321", 0);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 10, "123456789.987654321", 2);
  test_sh("123456789.987654321", 0, "123456789.987654321", 0);
  a.len= sizeof(buf1)/sizeof(dec1);

  printf("==== decimal_actual_fraction ====\n");
  test_fr("1.123456789000000000", "1.123456789");
  test_fr("1.12345678000000000", "1.12345678");
  test_fr("1.1234567000000000", "1.1234567");
  test_fr("1.123456000000000", "1.123456");
  test_fr("1.12345000000000", "1.12345");
  test_fr("1.1234000000000", "1.1234");
  test_fr("1.123000000000", "1.123");
  test_fr("1.12000000000", "1.12");
  test_fr("1.1000000000", "1.1");
  test_fr("1.000000000", "1");
  test_fr("1.0", "1");
  test_fr("10000000000000000000.0", "10000000000000000000");

  return 0;
}
#endif