~drizzle-trunk/drizzle/development

/* Copyright (C) 2000-2006 MySQL AB

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA */


/* Definitions for parameters to do with handler-routines */

#ifdef USE_PRAGMA_INTERFACE
#pragma interface			/* gcc class implementation */
#endif

#include <my_handler.h>
#include <keycache.h>

#ifndef NO_HASH
#define NO_HASH				/* Not yet implemented */
#endif

// the following is for checking tables

#define HA_ADMIN_ALREADY_DONE	  1
#define HA_ADMIN_OK               0
#define HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED -1
#define HA_ADMIN_FAILED		 -2
#define HA_ADMIN_CORRUPT         -3
#define HA_ADMIN_INTERNAL_ERROR  -4
#define HA_ADMIN_INVALID         -5
#define HA_ADMIN_REJECT          -6
#define HA_ADMIN_TRY_ALTER       -7
#define HA_ADMIN_WRONG_CHECKSUM  -8
#define HA_ADMIN_NOT_BASE_TABLE  -9
#define HA_ADMIN_NEEDS_UPGRADE  -10
#define HA_ADMIN_NEEDS_ALTER    -11
#define HA_ADMIN_NEEDS_CHECK    -12

/* Bits to show what an alter table will do */
#include <sql_bitmap.h>

#define HA_MAX_ALTER_FLAGS 39
typedef Bitmap<HA_MAX_ALTER_FLAGS> HA_ALTER_FLAGS;

#define HA_ADD_INDEX                  (0)
#define HA_DROP_INDEX                 (1)
#define HA_ALTER_INDEX                (2)
#define HA_RENAME_INDEX               (3)
#define HA_ADD_UNIQUE_INDEX           (4)
#define HA_DROP_UNIQUE_INDEX          (5)
#define HA_ALTER_UNIQUE_INDEX         (6)
#define HA_RENAME_UNIQUE_INDEX        (7)
#define HA_ADD_PK_INDEX               (8)
#define HA_DROP_PK_INDEX              (9)
#define HA_ALTER_PK_INDEX             (10)
#define HA_ADD_COLUMN                 (11)
#define HA_DROP_COLUMN                (12)
#define HA_CHANGE_COLUMN              (13)
#define HA_ALTER_COLUMN_NAME          (14)
#define HA_ALTER_COLUMN_TYPE          (15)
#define HA_ALTER_COLUMN_ORDER         (16)
#define HA_ALTER_COLUMN_NULLABLE      (17)
#define HA_COLUMN_DEFAULT_VALUE       (18)
#define HA_COLUMN_STORAGE             (19)
#define HA_COLUMN_FORMAT              (20)
#define HA_ADD_FOREIGN_KEY            (21)
#define HA_DROP_FOREIGN_KEY           (22)
#define HA_ALTER_FOREIGN_KEY          (23)
#define HA_ADD_CONSTRAINT             (24)
#define HA_CHANGE_CHARACTER_SET       (30)
#define HA_SET_DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET  (31)
#define HA_CHANGE_AUTOINCREMENT_VALUE (32)
#define HA_ALTER_STORAGE              (33)
#define HA_ALTER_TABLESPACE           (34)
#define HA_ALTER_ROW_FORMAT           (35)
#define HA_RENAME_TABLE               (36)
#define HA_ALTER_STORAGE_ENGINE       (37)
#define HA_RECREATE                   (38)
/* Remember to increase HA_MAX_ALTER_FLAGS when adding more flags! */

/* Return values for check_if_supported_alter */

#define HA_ALTER_ERROR               -1
#define HA_ALTER_SUPPORTED_WAIT_LOCK  0
#define HA_ALTER_SUPPORTED_NO_LOCK    1
#define HA_ALTER_NOT_SUPPORTED        2

/* Bits in table_flags() to show what database can do */

#define HA_NO_TRANSACTIONS     (1 << 0) /* Doesn't support transactions */
#define HA_PARTIAL_COLUMN_READ (1 << 1) /* read may not return all columns */
#define HA_TABLE_SCAN_ON_INDEX (1 << 2) /* No separate data/index file */
/*
  The following should be set if the following is not true when scanning
  a table with rnd_next()
  - We will see all rows (including deleted ones)
  - Row positions are 'table->s->db_record_offset' apart
  If this flag is not set, filesort will do a postion() call for each matched
  row to be able to find the row later.
*/
#define HA_REC_NOT_IN_SEQ      (1 << 3)
/* This is now a dead option, just left for compatibility */
#define HA_CAN_GEOMETRY        (1 << 4)
/*
  Reading keys in random order is as fast as reading keys in sort order
  (Used in records.cc to decide if we should use a record cache and by
  filesort to decide if we should sort key + data or key + pointer-to-row
*/
#define HA_FAST_KEY_READ       (1 << 5)
/*
  Set the following flag if we on delete should force all key to be read
  and on update read all keys that changes
*/
#define HA_REQUIRES_KEY_COLUMNS_FOR_DELETE (1 << 6)
#define HA_NULL_IN_KEY         (1 << 7) /* One can have keys with NULL */
#define HA_DUPLICATE_POS       (1 << 8)    /* ha_position() gives dup row */
#define HA_NO_BLOBS            (1 << 9) /* Doesn't support blobs */
#define HA_CAN_INDEX_BLOBS     (1 << 10)
#define HA_AUTO_PART_KEY       (1 << 11) /* auto-increment in multi-part key */
#define HA_REQUIRE_PRIMARY_KEY (1 << 12) /* .. and can't create a hidden one */
#define HA_STATS_RECORDS_IS_EXACT (1 << 13) /* stats.records is exact */
/*
  INSERT_DELAYED only works with handlers that uses MySQL internal table
  level locks
*/
#define HA_CAN_INSERT_DELAYED  (1 << 14)
/*
  If we get the primary key columns for free when we do an index read
  It also implies that we have to retrive the primary key when using
  position() and rnd_pos().
*/
#define HA_PRIMARY_KEY_IN_READ_INDEX (1 << 15)
/*
  If HA_PRIMARY_KEY_REQUIRED_FOR_POSITION is set, it means that to position()
  uses a primary key. Without primary key, we can't call position().
*/ 
#define HA_PRIMARY_KEY_REQUIRED_FOR_POSITION (1 << 16) 
#define HA_CAN_RTREEKEYS       (1 << 17) /* Historical, no longer supported */
#define HA_NOT_DELETE_WITH_CACHE (1 << 18)
/*
  The following is we need to a primary key to delete (and update) a row.
  If there is no primary key, all columns needs to be read on update and delete
*/
#define HA_PRIMARY_KEY_REQUIRED_FOR_DELETE (1 << 19)
#define HA_NO_PREFIX_CHAR_KEYS (1 << 20)
#define HA_CAN_FULLTEXT        (1 << 21) /* Historical, no longer supported */
#define HA_CAN_SQL_HANDLER     (1 << 22) /* Historical, no longer supported */
#define HA_NO_AUTO_INCREMENT   (1 << 23)
#define HA_HAS_CHECKSUM        (1 << 24)
/* Table data are stored in separate files (for lower_case_table_names) */
#define HA_FILE_BASED	       (1 << 26)
#define HA_NO_VARCHAR	       (1 << 27) /* Historical, no longer supported */
#define HA_CAN_BIT_FIELD       (1 << 28) /* Historical, no longer supported */
#define HA_NEED_READ_RANGE_BUFFER (1 << 29) /* for read_multi_range */
#define HA_ANY_INDEX_MAY_BE_UNIQUE (1 << 30)
#define HA_NO_COPY_ON_ALTER    (1LL << 31)
#define HA_HAS_RECORDS	       (1LL << 32) /* records() gives exact count*/
/* Has it's own method of binlog logging */
#define HA_HAS_OWN_BINLOGGING  (1LL << 33) /* Historical, no longer supported */
#define HA_MRR_CANT_SORT       (1LL << 34)

/*
  Engine is capable of row-format and statement-format logging,
  respectively
*/
#define HA_BINLOG_ROW_CAPABLE  (1LL << 35)
#define HA_BINLOG_STMT_CAPABLE (1LL << 36)

#define HA_ONLINE_ALTER        (1LL << 37)

/*
  Set of all binlog flags. Currently only contain the capabilities
  flags.
 */
#define HA_BINLOG_FLAGS (HA_BINLOG_ROW_CAPABLE | HA_BINLOG_STMT_CAPABLE)

/* bits in index_flags(index_number) for what you can do with index */
#define HA_READ_NEXT            1       /* TODO really use this flag */
#define HA_READ_PREV            2       /* supports ::index_prev */
#define HA_READ_ORDER           4       /* index_next/prev follow sort order */
#define HA_READ_RANGE           8       /* can find all records in a range */
#define HA_ONLY_WHOLE_INDEX	16	/* Can't use part key searches */
#define HA_KEYREAD_ONLY         64	/* Support HA_EXTRA_KEYREAD */
/*
  Index scan will not return records in rowid order. Not guaranteed to be
  set for unordered (e.g. HASH) indexes.
*/
#define HA_KEY_SCAN_NOT_ROR     128 
#define HA_DO_INDEX_COND_PUSHDOWN  256 /* Supports Index Condition Pushdown */



/*
  HA_PARTITION_FUNCTION_SUPPORTED indicates that the function is
  supported at all.
  HA_FAST_CHANGE_PARTITION means that optimised variants of the changes
  exists but they are not necessarily done online.

  HA_ONLINE_DOUBLE_WRITE means that the handler supports writing to both
  the new partition and to the old partitions when updating through the
  old partitioning schema while performing a change of the partitioning.
  This means that we can support updating of the table while performing
  the copy phase of the change. For no lock at all also a double write
  from new to old must exist and this is not required when this flag is
  set.
  This is actually removed even before it was introduced the first time.
  The new idea is that handlers will handle the lock level already in
  store_lock for ALTER TABLE partitions.

  HA_PARTITION_ONE_PHASE is a flag that can be set by handlers that take
  care of changing the partitions online and in one phase. Thus all phases
  needed to handle the change are implemented inside the storage engine.
  The storage engine must also support auto-discovery since the frm file
  is changed as part of the change and this change must be controlled by
  the storage engine. A typical engine to support this is NDB (through
  WL #2498).
*/
#define HA_PARTITION_FUNCTION_SUPPORTED         (1L << 1)
#define HA_FAST_CHANGE_PARTITION                (1L << 2)
#define HA_PARTITION_ONE_PHASE                  (1L << 3)

/* operations for disable/enable indexes */
#define HA_KEY_SWITCH_NONUNIQ      0
#define HA_KEY_SWITCH_ALL          1
#define HA_KEY_SWITCH_NONUNIQ_SAVE 2
#define HA_KEY_SWITCH_ALL_SAVE     3

/*
  Note: the following includes binlog and closing 0.
  so: innodb + bdb + ndb + binlog + myisam + myisammrg + archive +
      example + csv + heap + blackhole + federated + 0
  (yes, the sum is deliberately inaccurate)
  TODO remove the limit, use dynarrays
*/
#define MAX_HA 15

/*
  Parameters for open() (in register form->filestat)
  HA_GET_INFO does an implicit HA_ABORT_IF_LOCKED
*/

#define HA_OPEN_KEYFILE		1
#define HA_OPEN_RNDFILE		2
#define HA_GET_INDEX		4
#define HA_GET_INFO		8	/* do a ha_info() after open */
#define HA_READ_ONLY		16	/* File opened as readonly */
/* Try readonly if can't open with read and write */
#define HA_TRY_READ_ONLY	32
#define HA_WAIT_IF_LOCKED	64	/* Wait if locked on open */
#define HA_ABORT_IF_LOCKED	128	/* skip if locked on open.*/
#define HA_BLOCK_LOCK		256	/* unlock when reading some records */
#define HA_OPEN_TEMPORARY	512

/* For transactional LOCK TABLE. handler::lock_table() */
#define HA_LOCK_IN_SHARE_MODE      F_RDLCK
#define HA_LOCK_IN_EXCLUSIVE_MODE  F_WRLCK

/* Some key definitions */
#define HA_KEY_NULL_LENGTH	1
#define HA_KEY_BLOB_LENGTH	2

#define HA_LEX_CREATE_TMP_TABLE	1
#define HA_LEX_CREATE_IF_NOT_EXISTS 2
#define HA_LEX_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE 4
#define HA_OPTION_NO_CHECKSUM	(1L << 17)
#define HA_OPTION_NO_DELAY_KEY_WRITE (1L << 18)
#define HA_MAX_REC_LENGTH	65535

/* Table caching type */
#define HA_CACHE_TBL_NONTRANSACT 0
#define HA_CACHE_TBL_NOCACHE     1
#define HA_CACHE_TBL_ASKTRANSACT 2
#define HA_CACHE_TBL_TRANSACT    4

/* Options of START TRANSACTION statement (and later of SET TRANSACTION stmt) */
#define MYSQL_START_TRANS_OPT_WITH_CONS_SNAPSHOT 1

/* Flags for method is_fatal_error */
#define HA_CHECK_DUP_KEY 1
#define HA_CHECK_DUP_UNIQUE 2
#define HA_CHECK_DUP (HA_CHECK_DUP_KEY + HA_CHECK_DUP_UNIQUE)

enum legacy_db_type
{
  DB_TYPE_UNKNOWN=0,DB_TYPE_DIAB_ISAM=1,
  DB_TYPE_HASH,DB_TYPE_MISAM,DB_TYPE_PISAM,
  DB_TYPE_RMS_ISAM, DB_TYPE_HEAP, DB_TYPE_ISAM,
  DB_TYPE_MRG_ISAM, DB_TYPE_MYISAM, DB_TYPE_MRG_MYISAM,
  DB_TYPE_BERKELEY_DB, DB_TYPE_INNODB,
  DB_TYPE_GEMINI, DB_TYPE_NDBCLUSTER,
  DB_TYPE_EXAMPLE_DB, DB_TYPE_ARCHIVE_DB, DB_TYPE_CSV_DB,
  DB_TYPE_FEDERATED_DB,
  DB_TYPE_BLACKHOLE_DB,
  DB_TYPE_PARTITION_DB,
  DB_TYPE_BINLOG,
  DB_TYPE_SOLID,
  DB_TYPE_PBXT,
  DB_TYPE_TABLE_FUNCTION,
  DB_TYPE_MEMCACHE,
  DB_TYPE_FALCON,
  DB_TYPE_MARIA,
  DB_TYPE_FIRST_DYNAMIC=42,
  DB_TYPE_DEFAULT=127 // Must be last
};

enum row_type { ROW_TYPE_NOT_USED=-1, ROW_TYPE_DEFAULT, ROW_TYPE_FIXED,
		ROW_TYPE_DYNAMIC, ROW_TYPE_COMPRESSED,
		ROW_TYPE_REDUNDANT, ROW_TYPE_COMPACT, ROW_TYPE_PAGE };

enum column_format_type { COLUMN_FORMAT_TYPE_NOT_USED= -1,
                          COLUMN_FORMAT_TYPE_DEFAULT=   0,
                          COLUMN_FORMAT_TYPE_FIXED=     1,
                          COLUMN_FORMAT_TYPE_DYNAMIC=   2 };

enum enum_binlog_func {
  BFN_RESET_LOGS=        1,
  BFN_RESET_SLAVE=       2,
  BFN_BINLOG_WAIT=       3,
  BFN_BINLOG_END=        4,
  BFN_BINLOG_PURGE_FILE= 5
};

enum enum_binlog_command {
  LOGCOM_CREATE_TABLE,
  LOGCOM_ALTER_TABLE,
  LOGCOM_RENAME_TABLE,
  LOGCOM_DROP_TABLE,
  LOGCOM_CREATE_DB,
  LOGCOM_ALTER_DB,
  LOGCOM_DROP_DB
};

/* struct to hold information about the table that should be created */

/* Bits in used_fields */
#define HA_CREATE_USED_AUTO             (1L << 0)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_RAID             (1L << 1) /* Historical, no longer supported */
#define HA_CREATE_USED_UNION            (1L << 2)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_INSERT_METHOD    (1L << 3)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_MIN_ROWS         (1L << 4)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_MAX_ROWS         (1L << 5)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_AVG_ROW_LENGTH   (1L << 6)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_PACK_KEYS        (1L << 7)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_CHARSET          (1L << 8)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_DEFAULT_CHARSET  (1L << 9)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_DATADIR          (1L << 10)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_INDEXDIR         (1L << 11)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_ENGINE           (1L << 12)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_CHECKSUM         (1L << 13)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_DELAY_KEY_WRITE  (1L << 14)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_ROW_FORMAT       (1L << 15)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_COMMENT          (1L << 16)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_PASSWORD         (1L << 17)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_CONNECTION       (1L << 18)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_KEY_BLOCK_SIZE   (1L << 19)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_TRANSACTIONAL    (1L << 20)
#define HA_CREATE_USED_PAGE_CHECKSUM    (1L << 21)

typedef uint64_t my_xid; // this line is the same as in log_event.h
#define MYSQL_XID_PREFIX "MySQLXid"
#define MYSQL_XID_PREFIX_LEN 8 // must be a multiple of 8
#define MYSQL_XID_OFFSET (MYSQL_XID_PREFIX_LEN+sizeof(server_id))
#define MYSQL_XID_GTRID_LEN (MYSQL_XID_OFFSET+sizeof(my_xid))

#define XIDDATASIZE MYSQL_XIDDATASIZE
#define MAXGTRIDSIZE 64
#define MAXBQUALSIZE 64

#define COMPATIBLE_DATA_YES 0
#define COMPATIBLE_DATA_NO  1

/**
  struct xid_t is binary compatible with the XID structure as
  in the X/Open CAE Specification, Distributed Transaction Processing:
  The XA Specification, X/Open Company Ltd., 1991.
  http://www.opengroup.org/bookstore/catalog/c193.htm

  @see MYSQL_XID in mysql/plugin.h
*/
struct xid_t {
  long formatID;
  long gtrid_length;
  long bqual_length;
  char data[XIDDATASIZE];  // not \0-terminated !

  xid_t() {}                                /* Remove gcc warning */  
  bool eq(struct xid_t *xid)
  { return eq(xid->gtrid_length, xid->bqual_length, xid->data); }
  bool eq(long g, long b, const char *d)
  { return g == gtrid_length && b == bqual_length && !memcmp(d, data, g+b); }
  void set(struct xid_t *xid)
  { memcpy(this, xid, xid->length()); }
  void set(long f, const char *g, long gl, const char *b, long bl)
  {
    formatID= f;
    memcpy(data, g, gtrid_length= gl);
    memcpy(data+gl, b, bqual_length= bl);
  }
  void set(uint64_t xid)
  {
    my_xid tmp;
    formatID= 1;
    set(MYSQL_XID_PREFIX_LEN, 0, MYSQL_XID_PREFIX);
    memcpy(data+MYSQL_XID_PREFIX_LEN, &server_id, sizeof(server_id));
    tmp= xid;
    memcpy(data+MYSQL_XID_OFFSET, &tmp, sizeof(tmp));
    gtrid_length=MYSQL_XID_GTRID_LEN;
  }
  void set(long g, long b, const char *d)
  {
    formatID= 1;
    gtrid_length= g;
    bqual_length= b;
    memcpy(data, d, g+b);
  }
  bool is_null() { return formatID == -1; }
  void null() { formatID= -1; }
  my_xid quick_get_my_xid()
  {
    my_xid tmp;
    memcpy(&tmp, data+MYSQL_XID_OFFSET, sizeof(tmp));
    return tmp;
  }
  my_xid get_my_xid()
  {
    return gtrid_length == MYSQL_XID_GTRID_LEN && bqual_length == 0 &&
           !memcmp(data+MYSQL_XID_PREFIX_LEN, &server_id, sizeof(server_id)) &&
           !memcmp(data, MYSQL_XID_PREFIX, MYSQL_XID_PREFIX_LEN) ?
           quick_get_my_xid() : 0;
  }
  uint length()
  {
    return sizeof(formatID)+sizeof(gtrid_length)+sizeof(bqual_length)+
           gtrid_length+bqual_length;
  }
  uchar *key()
  {
    return (uchar *)&gtrid_length;
  }
  uint key_length()
  {
    return sizeof(gtrid_length)+sizeof(bqual_length)+gtrid_length+bqual_length;
  }
};
typedef struct xid_t XID;

/* for recover() handlerton call */
#define MIN_XID_LIST_SIZE  128
#define MAX_XID_LIST_SIZE  (1024*128)

struct handlerton;

/* The handler for a table type.  Will be included in the TABLE structure */

struct st_table;
typedef struct st_table TABLE;
typedef struct st_table_share TABLE_SHARE;
struct st_foreign_key_info;
typedef struct st_foreign_key_info FOREIGN_KEY_INFO;
typedef bool (stat_print_fn)(THD *thd, const char *type, uint type_len,
                             const char *file, uint file_len,
                             const char *status, uint status_len);
enum ha_stat_type { HA_ENGINE_STATUS, HA_ENGINE_LOGS, HA_ENGINE_MUTEX };
extern st_plugin_int *hton2plugin[MAX_HA];

/*
  handlerton is a singleton structure - one instance per storage engine -
  to provide access to storage engine functionality that works on the
  "global" level (unlike handler class that works on a per-table basis)

  usually handlerton instance is defined statically in ha_xxx.cc as

  static handlerton { ... } xxx_hton;

  savepoint_*, prepare, recover, and *_by_xid pointers can be 0.
*/
struct handlerton
{
  /*
    Historical marker for if the engine is available of not
  */
  SHOW_COMP_OPTION state;

  /*
    Historical number used for frm file to determine the correct storage engine.
    This is going away and new engines will just use "name" for this.
  */
  enum legacy_db_type db_type;
  /*
    each storage engine has it's own memory area (actually a pointer)
    in the thd, for storing per-connection information.
    It is accessed as

      thd->ha_data[xxx_hton.slot]

   slot number is initialized by MySQL after xxx_init() is called.
   */
   uint slot;
   /*
     to store per-savepoint data storage engine is provided with an area
     of a requested size (0 is ok here).
     savepoint_offset must be initialized statically to the size of
     the needed memory to store per-savepoint information.
     After xxx_init it is changed to be an offset to savepoint storage
     area and need not be used by storage engine.
     see binlog_hton and binlog_savepoint_set/rollback for an example.
   */
   uint savepoint_offset;
   /*
     handlerton methods:

     close_connection is only called if
     thd->ha_data[xxx_hton.slot] is non-zero, so even if you don't need
     this storage area - set it to something, so that MySQL would know
     this storage engine was accessed in this connection
   */
   int  (*close_connection)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd);
   /*
     sv points to an uninitialized storage area of requested size
     (see savepoint_offset description)
   */
   int  (*savepoint_set)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, void *sv);
   /*
     sv points to a storage area, that was earlier passed
     to the savepoint_set call
   */
   int  (*savepoint_rollback)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, void *sv);
   int  (*savepoint_release)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, void *sv);
   /*
     'all' is true if it's a real commit, that makes persistent changes
     'all' is false if it's not in fact a commit but an end of the
     statement that is part of the transaction.
     NOTE 'all' is also false in auto-commit mode where 'end of statement'
     and 'real commit' mean the same event.
   */
   int  (*commit)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, bool all);
   int  (*rollback)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, bool all);
   int  (*prepare)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, bool all);
   int  (*recover)(handlerton *hton, XID *xid_list, uint len);
   int  (*commit_by_xid)(handlerton *hton, XID *xid);
   int  (*rollback_by_xid)(handlerton *hton, XID *xid);
   void *(*create_cursor_read_view)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd);
   void (*set_cursor_read_view)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, void *read_view);
   void (*close_cursor_read_view)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, void *read_view);
   handler *(*create)(handlerton *hton, TABLE_SHARE *table, MEM_ROOT *mem_root);
   void (*drop_database)(handlerton *hton, char* path);
   int (*panic)(handlerton *hton, enum ha_panic_function flag);
   int (*start_consistent_snapshot)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd);
   bool (*flush_logs)(handlerton *hton);
   bool (*show_status)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd, stat_print_fn *print, enum ha_stat_type stat);
   int (*fill_files_table)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd,
                           TABLE_LIST *tables,
                           class Item *cond);
   uint32 flags;                                /* global handler flags */
   int (*release_temporary_latches)(handlerton *hton, THD *thd);

   int (*discover)(handlerton *hton, THD* thd, const char *db, 
                   const char *name,
                   uchar **frmblob, 
                   size_t *frmlen);
   int (*table_exists_in_engine)(handlerton *hton, THD* thd, const char *db,
                                 const char *name);
   uint32 license; /* Flag for Engine License */
   void *data; /* Location for engines to keep personal structures */
};


/* Possible flags of a handlerton (there can be 32 of them) */
#define HTON_NO_FLAGS                 0
#define HTON_CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT (1 << 0)
#define HTON_ALTER_NOT_SUPPORTED     (1 << 1) //Engine does not support alter
#define HTON_CAN_RECREATE            (1 << 2) //Delete all is used fro truncate
#define HTON_HIDDEN                  (1 << 3) //Engine does not appear in lists
#define HTON_FLUSH_AFTER_RENAME      (1 << 4)
#define HTON_NOT_USER_SELECTABLE     (1 << 5)
#define HTON_TEMPORARY_NOT_SUPPORTED (1 << 6) //Having temporary tables not supported
#define HTON_SUPPORT_LOG_TABLES      (1 << 7) //Engine supports log tables
#define HTON_NO_PARTITION            (1 << 8) //You can not partition these tables

class Ha_trx_info;

struct THD_TRANS
{
  /* true is not all entries in the ht[] support 2pc */
  bool        no_2pc;
  /* storage engines that registered in this transaction */
  Ha_trx_info *ha_list;
  /* 
    The purpose of this flag is to keep track of non-transactional
    tables that were modified in scope of:
    - transaction, when the variable is a member of
    THD::transaction.all
    - top-level statement or sub-statement, when the variable is a
    member of THD::transaction.stmt
    This member has the following life cycle:
    * stmt.modified_non_trans_table is used to keep track of
    modified non-transactional tables of top-level statements. At
    the end of the previous statement and at the beginning of the session,
    it is reset to false.  If such functions
    as mysql_insert, mysql_update, mysql_delete etc modify a
    non-transactional table, they set this flag to true.  At the
    end of the statement, the value of stmt.modified_non_trans_table 
    is merged with all.modified_non_trans_table and gets reset.
    * all.modified_non_trans_table is reset at the end of transaction
    
    * Since we do not have a dedicated context for execution of a
    sub-statement, to keep track of non-transactional changes in a
    sub-statement, we re-use stmt.modified_non_trans_table. 
    At entrance into a sub-statement, a copy of the value of
    stmt.modified_non_trans_table (containing the changes of the
    outer statement) is saved on stack. Then 
    stmt.modified_non_trans_table is reset to false and the
    substatement is executed. Then the new value is merged with the
    saved value.
  */
  bool modified_non_trans_table;

  void reset() { no_2pc= false; modified_non_trans_table= false; }
};


/**
  Either statement transaction or normal transaction - related
  thread-specific storage engine data.

  If a storage engine participates in a statement/transaction,
  an instance of this class is present in
  thd->transaction.{stmt|all}.ha_list. The addition to
  {stmt|all}.ha_list is made by trans_register_ha().

  When it's time to commit or rollback, each element of ha_list
  is used to access storage engine's prepare()/commit()/rollback()
  methods, and also to evaluate if a full two phase commit is
  necessary.

  @sa General description of transaction handling in handler.cc.
*/

class Ha_trx_info
{
public:
  /** Register this storage engine in the given transaction context. */
  void register_ha(THD_TRANS *trans, handlerton *ht_arg)
  {
    assert(m_flags == 0);
    assert(m_ht == NULL);
    assert(m_next == NULL);

    m_ht= ht_arg;
    m_flags= (int) TRX_READ_ONLY; /* Assume read-only at start. */

    m_next= trans->ha_list;
    trans->ha_list= this;
  }

  /** Clear, prepare for reuse. */
  void reset()
  {
    m_next= NULL;
    m_ht= NULL;
    m_flags= 0;
  }

  Ha_trx_info() { reset(); }

  void set_trx_read_write()
  {
    assert(is_started());
    m_flags|= (int) TRX_READ_WRITE;
  }
  bool is_trx_read_write() const
  {
    assert(is_started());
    return m_flags & (int) TRX_READ_WRITE;
  }
  bool is_started() const { return m_ht != NULL; }
  /** Mark this transaction read-write if the argument is read-write. */
  void coalesce_trx_with(const Ha_trx_info *stmt_trx)
  {
    /*
      Must be called only after the transaction has been started.
      Can be called many times, e.g. when we have many
      read-write statements in a transaction.
    */
    assert(is_started());
    if (stmt_trx->is_trx_read_write())
      set_trx_read_write();
  }
  Ha_trx_info *next() const
  {
    assert(is_started());
    return m_next;
  }
  handlerton *ht() const
  {
    assert(is_started());
    return m_ht;
  }
private:
  enum { TRX_READ_ONLY= 0, TRX_READ_WRITE= 1 };
  /** Auxiliary, used for ha_list management */
  Ha_trx_info *m_next;
  /**
    Although a given Ha_trx_info instance is currently always used
    for the same storage engine, 'ht' is not-NULL only when the
    corresponding storage is a part of a transaction.
  */
  handlerton *m_ht;
  /**
    Transaction flags related to this engine.
    Not-null only if this instance is a part of transaction.
    May assume a combination of enum values above.
  */
  uchar       m_flags;
};


enum enum_tx_isolation { ISO_READ_UNCOMMITTED, ISO_READ_COMMITTED,
                         ISO_REPEATABLE_READ, ISO_SERIALIZABLE};


enum ndb_distribution { ND_KEYHASH= 0, ND_LINHASH= 1 };


typedef struct {
  uint64_t data_file_length;
  uint64_t max_data_file_length;
  uint64_t index_file_length;
  uint64_t delete_length;
  ha_rows records;
  uint32_t mean_rec_length;
  time_t create_time;
  time_t check_time;
  time_t update_time;
  uint64_t check_sum;
} PARTITION_INFO;

#define UNDEF_NODEGROUP 65535
class Item;
struct st_table_log_memory_entry;

#define NOT_A_PARTITION_ID ((uint32)-1)

enum ha_choice { HA_CHOICE_UNDEF, HA_CHOICE_NO, HA_CHOICE_YES };

typedef struct st_ha_create_information
{
  CHARSET_INFO *table_charset, *default_table_charset;
  LEX_STRING connect_string;
  LEX_STRING comment;
  const char *data_file_name, *index_file_name;
  const char *alias;
  uint64_t max_rows,min_rows;
  uint64_t auto_increment_value;
  uint32_t table_options;
  uint32_t avg_row_length;
  uint32_t used_fields;
  uint32_t key_block_size;
  SQL_LIST merge_list;
  handlerton *db_type;
  enum row_type row_type;
  uint null_bits;                       /* NULL bits at start of record */
  uint options;				/* OR of HA_CREATE_ options */
  uint merge_insert_method;
  uint extra_size;                      /* length of extra data segment */
  /* 0 not used, 1 if not transactional, 2 if transactional */
  enum ha_choice transactional;
  bool table_existed;			/* 1 in create if table existed */
  bool frm_only;                        /* 1 if no ha_create_table() */
  bool varchar;                         /* 1 if table has a VARCHAR */
  enum ha_choice page_checksum;         /* If we have page_checksums */
} HA_CREATE_INFO;

typedef struct st_ha_alter_information
{
  KEY  *key_info_buffer;
  uint key_count;
  uint index_drop_count;
  uint *index_drop_buffer;
  uint index_add_count;
  uint *index_add_buffer;
  void *data;
} HA_ALTER_INFO;


typedef struct st_key_create_information
{
  enum ha_key_alg algorithm;
  uint32_t block_size;
  LEX_STRING parser_name;
  LEX_STRING comment;
} KEY_CREATE_INFO;


/*
  Class for maintaining hooks used inside operations on tables such
  as: create table functions, delete table functions, and alter table
  functions.

  Class is using the Template Method pattern to separate the public
  usage interface from the private inheritance interface.  This
  imposes no overhead, since the public non-virtual function is small
  enough to be inlined.

  The hooks are usually used for functions that does several things,
  e.g., create_table_from_items(), which both create a table and lock
  it.
 */
class TABLEOP_HOOKS
{
public:
  TABLEOP_HOOKS() {}
  virtual ~TABLEOP_HOOKS() {}

  inline void prelock(TABLE **tables, uint count)
  {
    do_prelock(tables, count);
  }

  inline int postlock(TABLE **tables, uint count)
  {
    return do_postlock(tables, count);
  }
private:
  /* Function primitive that is called prior to locking tables */
  virtual void do_prelock(TABLE **tables __attribute__((__unused__)),
                          uint count __attribute__((__unused__)))
  {
    /* Default is to do nothing */
  }

  /**
     Primitive called after tables are locked.

     If an error is returned, the tables will be unlocked and error
     handling start.

     @return Error code or zero.
   */
  virtual int do_postlock(TABLE **tables __attribute__((__unused__)),
                          uint count __attribute__((__unused__)))
  {
    return 0;                           /* Default is to do nothing */
  }
};

typedef struct st_savepoint SAVEPOINT;
extern uint32_t savepoint_alloc_size;
extern KEY_CREATE_INFO default_key_create_info;

/* Forward declaration for condition pushdown to storage engine */
typedef class Item COND;

typedef struct st_ha_check_opt
{
  st_ha_check_opt() {}                        /* Remove gcc warning */
  uint32_t sort_buffer_size;
  uint flags;       /* isam layer flags (e.g. for myisamchk) */
  uint sql_flags;   /* sql layer flags - for something myisamchk cannot do */
  KEY_CACHE *key_cache;	/* new key cache when changing key cache */
  void init();
} HA_CHECK_OPT;



/*
  This is a buffer area that the handler can use to store rows.
  'end_of_used_area' should be kept updated after calls to
  read-functions so that other parts of the code can use the
  remaining area (until next read calls is issued).
*/

typedef struct st_handler_buffer
{
  uchar *buffer;         /* Buffer one can start using */
  uchar *buffer_end;     /* End of buffer */
  uchar *end_of_used_area;     /* End of area that was used by handler */
} HANDLER_BUFFER;

typedef struct system_status_var SSV;


typedef void *range_seq_t;

typedef struct st_range_seq_if
{
  /*
    Initialize the traversal of range sequence
    
    SYNOPSIS
      init()
        init_params  The seq_init_param parameter 
        n_ranges     The number of ranges obtained 
        flags        A combination of HA_MRR_SINGLE_POINT, HA_MRR_FIXED_KEY

    RETURN
      An opaque value to be used as RANGE_SEQ_IF::next() parameter
  */
  range_seq_t (*init)(void *init_params, uint n_ranges, uint flags);


  /*
    Get the next range in the range sequence

    SYNOPSIS
      next()
        seq    The value returned by RANGE_SEQ_IF::init()
        range  OUT Information about the next range
    
    RETURN
      0 - Ok, the range structure filled with info about the next range
      1 - No more ranges
  */
  uint (*next) (range_seq_t seq, KEY_MULTI_RANGE *range);
} RANGE_SEQ_IF;

uint16 &mrr_persistent_flag_storage(range_seq_t seq, uint idx);
char* &mrr_get_ptr_by_idx(range_seq_t seq, uint idx);

class COST_VECT
{ 
public:
  double io_count;     /* number of I/O                 */
  double avg_io_cost;  /* cost of an average I/O oper.  */
  double cpu_cost;     /* cost of operations in CPU     */
  double mem_cost;     /* cost of used memory           */ 
  double import_cost;  /* cost of remote operations     */
  
  enum { IO_COEFF=1 };
  enum { CPU_COEFF=1 };
  enum { MEM_COEFF=1 };
  enum { IMPORT_COEFF=1 };

  COST_VECT() {}                              // keep gcc happy

  double total_cost() 
  {
    return IO_COEFF*io_count*avg_io_cost + CPU_COEFF * cpu_cost +
           MEM_COEFF*mem_cost + IMPORT_COEFF*import_cost;
  }

  void zero()
  {
    avg_io_cost= 1.0;
    io_count= cpu_cost= mem_cost= import_cost= 0.0;
  }

  void multiply(double m)
  {
    io_count *= m;
    cpu_cost *= m;
    import_cost *= m;
    /* Don't multiply mem_cost */
  }

  void add(const COST_VECT* cost)
  {
    double io_count_sum= io_count + cost->io_count;
    add_io(cost->io_count, cost->avg_io_cost);
    io_count= io_count_sum;
    cpu_cost += cost->cpu_cost;
  }
  void add_io(double add_io_cnt, double add_avg_cost)
  {
    double io_count_sum= io_count + add_io_cnt;
    avg_io_cost= (io_count * avg_io_cost + 
                  add_io_cnt * add_avg_cost) / io_count_sum;
    io_count= io_count_sum;
  }
};

void get_sweep_read_cost(TABLE *table, ha_rows nrows, bool interrupted, 
                         COST_VECT *cost);

/*
  The below two are not used (and not handled) in this milestone of this WL
  entry because there seems to be no use for them at this stage of
  implementation.
*/
#define HA_MRR_SINGLE_POINT 1
#define HA_MRR_FIXED_KEY  2

/* 
  Indicates that RANGE_SEQ_IF::next(&range) doesn't need to fill in the
  'range' parameter.
*/
#define HA_MRR_NO_ASSOCIATION 4

/* 
  The MRR user will provide ranges in key order, and MRR implementation
  must return rows in key order.
*/
#define HA_MRR_SORTED 8

/* MRR implementation doesn't have to retrieve full records */
#define HA_MRR_INDEX_ONLY 16

/* 
  The passed memory buffer is of maximum possible size, the caller can't
  assume larger buffer.
*/
#define HA_MRR_LIMITS 32


/*
  Flag set <=> default MRR implementation is used
  (The choice is made by **_info[_const]() function which may set this
   flag. SQL layer remembers the flag value and then passes it to
   multi_read_range_init().
*/
#define HA_MRR_USE_DEFAULT_IMPL 64

/*
  Used only as parameter to multi_range_read_info():
  Flag set <=> the caller guarantees that the bounds of the scanned ranges
  will not have NULL values.
*/
#define HA_MRR_NO_NULL_ENDPOINTS 128


class ha_statistics
{
public:
  uint64_t data_file_length;		/* Length off data file */
  uint64_t max_data_file_length;	/* Length off data file */
  uint64_t index_file_length;
  uint64_t max_index_file_length;
  uint64_t delete_length;		/* Free bytes */
  uint64_t auto_increment_value;
  /*
    The number of records in the table. 
      0    - means the table has exactly 0 rows
    other  - if (table_flags() & HA_STATS_RECORDS_IS_EXACT)
               the value is the exact number of records in the table
             else
               it is an estimate
  */
  ha_rows records;
  ha_rows deleted;			/* Deleted records */
  uint32_t mean_rec_length;		/* physical reclength */
  time_t create_time;			/* When table was created */
  time_t check_time;
  time_t update_time;
  uint block_size;			/* index block size */

  ha_statistics():
    data_file_length(0), max_data_file_length(0),
    index_file_length(0), delete_length(0), auto_increment_value(0),
    records(0), deleted(0), mean_rec_length(0), create_time(0),
    check_time(0), update_time(0), block_size(0)
  {}
};

uint calculate_key_len(TABLE *, uint, const uchar *, key_part_map);
/*
  bitmap with first N+1 bits set
  (keypart_map for a key prefix of [0..N] keyparts)
*/
#define make_keypart_map(N) (((key_part_map)2 << (N)) - 1)
/*
  bitmap with first N bits set
  (keypart_map for a key prefix of [0..N-1] keyparts)
*/
#define make_prev_keypart_map(N) (((key_part_map)1 << (N)) - 1)

/**
  The handler class is the interface for dynamically loadable
  storage engines. Do not add ifdefs and take care when adding or
  changing virtual functions to avoid vtable confusion

  Functions in this class accept and return table columns data. Two data
  representation formats are used:
  1. TableRecordFormat - Used to pass [partial] table records to/from
     storage engine

  2. KeyTupleFormat - used to pass index search tuples (aka "keys") to
     storage engine. See opt_range.cc for description of this format.

  TableRecordFormat
  =================
  [Warning: this description is work in progress and may be incomplete]
  The table record is stored in a fixed-size buffer:
   
    record: null_bytes, column1_data, column2_data, ...
  
  The offsets of the parts of the buffer are also fixed: every column has 
  an offset to its column{i}_data, and if it is nullable it also has its own
  bit in null_bytes. 

  The record buffer only includes data about columns that are marked in the
  relevant column set (table->read_set and/or table->write_set, depending on
  the situation). 
  <not-sure>It could be that it is required that null bits of non-present
  columns are set to 1</not-sure>

  VARIOUS EXCEPTIONS AND SPECIAL CASES

  f the table has no nullable columns, then null_bytes is still 
  present, its length is one byte <not-sure> which must be set to 0xFF 
  at all times. </not-sure>
  
  If the table has columns of type BIT, then certain bits from those columns
  may be stored in null_bytes as well. Grep around for Field_bit for
  details.

  For blob columns (see Field_blob), the record buffer stores length of the 
  data, following by memory pointer to the blob data. The pointer is owned 
  by the storage engine and is valid until the next operation.

  If a blob column has NULL value, then its length and blob data pointer
  must be set to 0.
*/

class handler :public Sql_alloc
{
public:
  typedef uint64_t Table_flags;
protected:
  struct st_table_share *table_share;   /* The table definition */
  struct st_table *table;               /* The current open table */
  Table_flags cached_table_flags;       /* Set on init() and open() */

  ha_rows estimation_rows_to_insert;
public:
  handlerton *ht;                 /* storage engine of this handler */
  uchar *ref;				/* Pointer to current row */
  uchar *dup_ref;			/* Pointer to duplicate row */

  ha_statistics stats;
  /** MultiRangeRead-related members: */
  range_seq_t mrr_iter;    /* Interator to traverse the range sequence */
  RANGE_SEQ_IF mrr_funcs;  /* Range sequence traversal functions */
  HANDLER_BUFFER *multi_range_buffer; /* MRR buffer info */
  uint ranges_in_seq; /* Total number of ranges in the traversed sequence */
  /* true <=> source MRR ranges and the output are ordered */
  bool mrr_is_output_sorted;

  /** true <=> we're currently traversing a range in mrr_cur_range. */
  bool mrr_have_range;
  /** Current range (the one we're now returning rows from) */
  KEY_MULTI_RANGE mrr_cur_range;

  /** The following are for read_range() */
  key_range save_end_range, *end_range;
  KEY_PART_INFO *range_key_part;
  int key_compare_result_on_equal;
  bool eq_range;
  /* 
    true <=> the engine guarantees that returned records are within the range
    being scanned.
  */
  bool in_range_check_pushed_down;

  uint errkey;				/* Last dup key */
  uint key_used_on_scan;
  uint active_index;
  /** Length of ref (1-8 or the clustered key length) */
  uint ref_length;
  enum {NONE=0, INDEX, RND} inited;
  bool locked;
  bool implicit_emptied;                /* Can be !=0 only if HEAP */
  const Item *pushed_cond;

  Item *pushed_idx_cond;
  uint pushed_idx_cond_keyno;  /* The index which the above condition is for */

  /**
    next_insert_id is the next value which should be inserted into the
    auto_increment column: in a inserting-multi-row statement (like INSERT
    SELECT), for the first row where the autoinc value is not specified by the
    statement, get_auto_increment() called and asked to generate a value,
    next_insert_id is set to the next value, then for all other rows
    next_insert_id is used (and increased each time) without calling
    get_auto_increment().
  */
  uint64_t next_insert_id;
  /**
    insert id for the current row (*autogenerated*; if not
    autogenerated, it's 0).
    At first successful insertion, this variable is stored into
    THD::first_successful_insert_id_in_cur_stmt.
  */
  uint64_t insert_id_for_cur_row;
  /**
    Interval returned by get_auto_increment() and being consumed by the
    inserter.
  */
  Discrete_interval auto_inc_interval_for_cur_row;

  handler(handlerton *ht_arg, TABLE_SHARE *share_arg)
    :table_share(share_arg), table(0),
    estimation_rows_to_insert(0), ht(ht_arg),
    ref(0), in_range_check_pushed_down(false),
    key_used_on_scan(MAX_KEY), active_index(MAX_KEY),
    ref_length(sizeof(my_off_t)),
    inited(NONE),
    locked(false), implicit_emptied(0),
    pushed_cond(0), pushed_idx_cond(NULL), pushed_idx_cond_keyno(MAX_KEY),
    next_insert_id(0), insert_id_for_cur_row(0)
    {}
  virtual ~handler(void)
  {
    assert(locked == false);
    /* TODO: assert(inited == NONE); */
  }
  virtual handler *clone(MEM_ROOT *mem_root);
  /** This is called after create to allow us to set up cached variables */
  void init()
  {
    cached_table_flags= table_flags();
  }
  /* ha_ methods: pubilc wrappers for private virtual API */

  int ha_open(TABLE *table, const char *name, int mode, int test_if_locked);
  int ha_index_init(uint idx, bool sorted)
  {
    int result;
    assert(inited==NONE);
    if (!(result= index_init(idx, sorted)))
      inited=INDEX;
    end_range= NULL;
    return(result);
  }
  int ha_index_end()
  {
    assert(inited==INDEX);
    inited=NONE;
    end_range= NULL;
    return(index_end());
  }
  int ha_rnd_init(bool scan)
  {
    int result;
    assert(inited==NONE || (inited==RND && scan));
    inited= (result= rnd_init(scan)) ? NONE: RND;
    return(result);
  }
  int ha_rnd_end()
  {
    assert(inited==RND);
    inited=NONE;
    return(rnd_end());
  }
  int ha_reset();
  /* this is necessary in many places, e.g. in HANDLER command */
  int ha_index_or_rnd_end()
  {
    return inited == INDEX ? ha_index_end() : inited == RND ? ha_rnd_end() : 0;
  }
  Table_flags ha_table_flags() const { return cached_table_flags; }
  /**
    These functions represent the public interface to *users* of the
    handler class, hence they are *not* virtual. For the inheritance
    interface, see the (private) functions write_row(), update_row(),
    and delete_row() below.
  */
  int ha_external_lock(THD *thd, int lock_type);
  int ha_write_row(uchar * buf);
  int ha_update_row(const uchar * old_data, uchar * new_data);
  int ha_delete_row(const uchar * buf);
  void ha_release_auto_increment();

  int ha_check_for_upgrade(HA_CHECK_OPT *check_opt);
  /** to be actually called to get 'check()' functionality*/
  int ha_check(THD *thd, HA_CHECK_OPT *check_opt);
  int ha_repair(THD* thd, HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt);
  void ha_start_bulk_insert(ha_rows rows)
  {
    estimation_rows_to_insert= rows;
    start_bulk_insert(rows);
  }
  int ha_end_bulk_insert()
  {
    estimation_rows_to_insert= 0;
    return end_bulk_insert();
  }
  int ha_bulk_update_row(const uchar *old_data, uchar *new_data,
                         uint *dup_key_found);
  int ha_delete_all_rows();
  int ha_reset_auto_increment(uint64_t value);
  int ha_optimize(THD* thd, HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt);
  int ha_analyze(THD* thd, HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt);
  bool ha_check_and_repair(THD *thd);
  int ha_disable_indexes(uint mode);
  int ha_enable_indexes(uint mode);
  int ha_discard_or_import_tablespace(bool discard);
  void ha_prepare_for_alter();
  int ha_rename_table(const char *from, const char *to);
  int ha_delete_table(const char *name);
  void ha_drop_table(const char *name);

  int ha_create(const char *name, TABLE *form, HA_CREATE_INFO *info);

  int ha_create_handler_files(const char *name, const char *old_name,
                              int action_flag, HA_CREATE_INFO *info);

  void adjust_next_insert_id_after_explicit_value(uint64_t nr);
  int update_auto_increment();
  void print_keydup_error(uint key_nr, const char *msg);
  virtual void print_error(int error, myf errflag);
  virtual bool get_error_message(int error, String *buf);
  uint get_dup_key(int error);
  virtual void change_table_ptr(TABLE *table_arg, TABLE_SHARE *share)
  {
    table= table_arg;
    table_share= share;
  }
  /* Estimates calculation */
  virtual double scan_time(void)
  { return uint64_t2double(stats.data_file_length) / IO_SIZE + 2; }
  virtual double read_time(uint index __attribute__((__unused__)),
                           uint ranges, ha_rows rows)
  { return rows2double(ranges+rows); }

  virtual double index_only_read_time(uint keynr, double records);
  
  virtual ha_rows multi_range_read_info_const(uint keyno, RANGE_SEQ_IF *seq,
                                              void *seq_init_param, 
                                              uint n_ranges, uint *bufsz,
                                              uint *flags, COST_VECT *cost);
  virtual int multi_range_read_info(uint keyno, uint n_ranges, uint keys,
                                    uint *bufsz, uint *flags, COST_VECT *cost);
  virtual int multi_range_read_init(RANGE_SEQ_IF *seq, void *seq_init_param,
                                    uint n_ranges, uint mode,
                                    HANDLER_BUFFER *buf);
  virtual int multi_range_read_next(char **range_info);


  virtual const key_map *keys_to_use_for_scanning() { return &key_map_empty; }
  bool has_transactions()
  { return (ha_table_flags() & HA_NO_TRANSACTIONS) == 0; }
  virtual uint extra_rec_buf_length() const { return 0; }

  /**
    This method is used to analyse the error to see whether the error
    is ignorable or not, certain handlers can have more error that are
    ignorable than others. E.g. the partition handler can get inserts
    into a range where there is no partition and this is an ignorable
    error.
    HA_ERR_FOUND_DUP_UNIQUE is a special case in MyISAM that means the
    same thing as HA_ERR_FOUND_DUP_KEY but can in some cases lead to
    a slightly different error message.
  */
  virtual bool is_fatal_error(int error, uint flags)
  {
    if (!error ||
        ((flags & HA_CHECK_DUP_KEY) &&
         (error == HA_ERR_FOUND_DUPP_KEY ||
          error == HA_ERR_FOUND_DUPP_UNIQUE)))
      return false;
    return true;
  }

  /**
    Number of rows in table. It will only be called if
    (table_flags() & (HA_HAS_RECORDS | HA_STATS_RECORDS_IS_EXACT)) != 0
  */
  virtual ha_rows records() { return stats.records; }
  /**
    Return upper bound of current number of records in the table
    (max. of how many records one will retrieve when doing a full table scan)
    If upper bound is not known, HA_POS_ERROR should be returned as a max
    possible upper bound.
  */
  virtual ha_rows estimate_rows_upper_bound()
  { return stats.records+EXTRA_RECORDS; }

  /**
    Get the row type from the storage engine.  If this method returns
    ROW_TYPE_NOT_USED, the information in HA_CREATE_INFO should be used.
  */
  virtual enum row_type get_row_type() const { return ROW_TYPE_NOT_USED; }

  virtual const char *index_type(uint key_number __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { assert(0); return "";}


  /**
    Signal that the table->read_set and table->write_set table maps changed
    The handler is allowed to set additional bits in the above map in this
    call. Normally the handler should ignore all calls until we have done
    a ha_rnd_init() or ha_index_init(), write_row(), update_row or delete_row()
    as there may be several calls to this routine.
  */
  virtual void column_bitmaps_signal();
  uint get_index(void) const { return active_index; }
  virtual int close(void)=0;

  /**
    @retval  0   Bulk update used by handler
    @retval  1   Bulk update not used, normal operation used
  */
  virtual bool start_bulk_update() { return 1; }
  /**
    @retval  0   Bulk delete used by handler
    @retval  1   Bulk delete not used, normal operation used
  */
  virtual bool start_bulk_delete() { return 1; }
  /**
    After this call all outstanding updates must be performed. The number
    of duplicate key errors are reported in the duplicate key parameter.
    It is allowed to continue to the batched update after this call, the
    handler has to wait until end_bulk_update with changing state.

    @param    dup_key_found       Number of duplicate keys found

    @retval  0           Success
    @retval  >0          Error code
  */
  virtual int exec_bulk_update(uint *dup_key_found __attribute__((__unused__)))
  {
    assert(false);
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;
  }
  /**
    Perform any needed clean-up, no outstanding updates are there at the
    moment.
  */
  virtual void end_bulk_update() { return; }
  /**
    Execute all outstanding deletes and close down the bulk delete.

    @retval 0             Success
    @retval >0            Error code
  */
  virtual int end_bulk_delete()
  {
    assert(false);
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;
  }
  /**
     @brief
     Positions an index cursor to the index specified in the handle. Fetches the
     row if available. If the key value is null, begin at the first key of the
     index.
  */
  virtual int index_read_map(uchar * buf, const uchar * key,
                             key_part_map keypart_map,
                             enum ha_rkey_function find_flag)
  {
    uint key_len= calculate_key_len(table, active_index, key, keypart_map);
    return  index_read(buf, key, key_len, find_flag);
  }
  /**
     @brief
     Positions an index cursor to the index specified in the handle. Fetches the
     row if available. If the key value is null, begin at the first key of the
     index.
  */
  virtual int index_read_idx_map(uchar * buf, uint index, const uchar * key,
                                 key_part_map keypart_map,
                                 enum ha_rkey_function find_flag);
  virtual int index_next(uchar * buf __attribute__((__unused__)))
   { return  HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int index_prev(uchar * buf __attribute__((__unused__)))
   { return  HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int index_first(uchar * buf __attribute__((__unused__)))
   { return  HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int index_last(uchar * buf __attribute__((__unused__)))
   { return  HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int index_next_same(uchar *buf __attribute__((__unused__)),
                              const uchar *key __attribute__((__unused__)),
                              uint keylen __attribute__((__unused__)));
  /**
     @brief
     The following functions works like index_read, but it find the last
     row with the current key value or prefix.
  */
  virtual int index_read_last_map(uchar * buf, const uchar * key,
                                  key_part_map keypart_map)
  {
    uint key_len= calculate_key_len(table, active_index, key, keypart_map);
    return index_read_last(buf, key, key_len);
  }
  virtual int read_range_first(const key_range *start_key,
                               const key_range *end_key,
                               bool eq_range, bool sorted);
  virtual int read_range_next();
  int compare_key(key_range *range);
  int compare_key2(key_range *range);
  virtual int rnd_next(uchar *buf __attribute__((__unused__)))=0;
  virtual int rnd_pos(uchar * buf __attribute__((__unused__)),
                      uchar *pos __attribute__((__unused__)))=0;
  /**
    One has to use this method when to find
    random position by record as the plain
    position() call doesn't work for some
    handlers for random position.
  */
  virtual int rnd_pos_by_record(uchar *record);
  virtual int read_first_row(uchar *buf, uint primary_key);
  /**
    The following function is only needed for tables that may be temporary
    tables during joins.
  */
  virtual int restart_rnd_next(uchar *buf __attribute__((__unused__)),
                               uchar *pos __attribute__((__unused__)))
    { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int rnd_same(uchar *buf __attribute__((__unused__)),
                       uint inx __attribute__((__unused__)))
    { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual ha_rows records_in_range(uint inx __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                   key_range *min_key __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                   key_range *max_key __attribute__((__unused__)))
    { return (ha_rows) 10; }
  virtual void position(const uchar *record)=0;
  virtual int info(uint)=0; // see my_base.h for full description
  virtual uint32 calculate_key_hash_value(Field **field_array __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { assert(0); return 0; }
  virtual int extra(enum ha_extra_function operation __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return 0; }
  virtual int extra_opt(enum ha_extra_function operation,
                        uint32_t cache_size __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return extra(operation); }

  /**
    In an UPDATE or DELETE, if the row under the cursor was locked by another
    transaction, and the engine used an optimistic read of the last
    committed row value under the cursor, then the engine returns 1 from this
    function. MySQL must NOT try to update this optimistic value. If the
    optimistic value does not match the WHERE condition, MySQL can decide to
    skip over this row. Currently only works for InnoDB. This can be used to
    avoid unnecessary lock waits.

    If this method returns nonzero, it will also signal the storage
    engine that the next read will be a locking re-read of the row.
  */
  virtual bool was_semi_consistent_read() { return 0; }
  /**
    Tell the engine whether it should avoid unnecessary lock waits.
    If yes, in an UPDATE or DELETE, if the row under the cursor was locked
    by another transaction, the engine may try an optimistic read of
    the last committed row value under the cursor.
  */
  virtual void try_semi_consistent_read(bool) {}
  virtual void unlock_row(void) {}
  virtual int start_stmt(THD *thd __attribute__((__unused__)),
                         thr_lock_type lock_type __attribute__((__unused__)))
  {return 0;}
  virtual void get_auto_increment(uint64_t offset, uint64_t increment,
                                  uint64_t nb_desired_values,
                                  uint64_t *first_value,
                                  uint64_t *nb_reserved_values);
  void set_next_insert_id(uint64_t id)
  {
    next_insert_id= id;
  }
  void restore_auto_increment(uint64_t prev_insert_id)
  {
    /*
      Insertion of a row failed, re-use the lastly generated auto_increment
      id, for the next row. This is achieved by resetting next_insert_id to
      what it was before the failed insertion (that old value is provided by
      the caller). If that value was 0, it was the first row of the INSERT;
      then if insert_id_for_cur_row contains 0 it means no id was generated
      for this first row, so no id was generated since the INSERT started, so
      we should set next_insert_id to 0; if insert_id_for_cur_row is not 0, it
      is the generated id of the first and failed row, so we use it.
    */
    next_insert_id= (prev_insert_id > 0) ? prev_insert_id :
      insert_id_for_cur_row;
  }

  virtual void update_create_info(HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info __attribute__((__unused__))) {}
  int check_old_types(void);
  virtual int assign_to_keycache(THD* thd __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                 HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; }
  /* end of the list of admin commands */

  virtual int indexes_are_disabled(void) {return 0;}
  virtual char *update_table_comment(const char * comment)
  { return (char*) comment;}
  virtual void append_create_info(String *packet __attribute__((__unused__)))
  {}
  /**
      If index == MAX_KEY then a check for table is made and if index <
      MAX_KEY then a check is made if the table has foreign keys and if
      a foreign key uses this index (and thus the index cannot be dropped).

    @param  index            Index to check if foreign key uses it

    @retval   true            Foreign key defined on table or index
    @retval   false           No foreign key defined
  */
  virtual bool is_fk_defined_on_table_or_index(uint index __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return false; }
  virtual char* get_foreign_key_create_info(void)
  { return(NULL);}  /* gets foreign key create string from InnoDB */
  /** used in ALTER TABLE; 1 if changing storage engine is allowed */
  virtual bool can_switch_engines(void) { return 1; }
  /** used in REPLACE; is > 0 if table is referred by a FOREIGN KEY */
  virtual int get_foreign_key_list(THD *thd __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                   List<FOREIGN_KEY_INFO> *f_key_list __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return 0; }
  virtual uint referenced_by_foreign_key() { return 0;}
  virtual void init_table_handle_for_HANDLER()
  { return; }       /* prepare InnoDB for HANDLER */
  virtual void free_foreign_key_create_info(char* str __attribute__((__unused__))) {}
  /** The following can be called without an open handler */
  virtual const char *table_type() const =0;
  /**
    If frm_error() is called then we will use this to find out what file
    extentions exist for the storage engine. This is also used by the default
    rename_table and delete_table method in handler.cc.

    For engines that have two file name extentions (separate meta/index file
    and data file), the order of elements is relevant. First element of engine
    file name extentions array should be meta/index file extention. Second
    element - data file extention. This order is assumed by
    prepare_for_repair() when REPAIR TABLE ... USE_FRM is issued.
  */
  virtual const char **bas_ext() const =0;

  virtual int get_default_no_partitions(HA_CREATE_INFO *info __attribute__((__unused__))) { return 1;}
  virtual bool get_no_parts(const char *name __attribute__((__unused__)),
                            uint *no_parts)
  {
    *no_parts= 0;
    return 0;
  }

  virtual uint32_t index_flags(uint idx, uint part, bool all_parts) const =0;

  virtual int add_index(TABLE *table_arg __attribute__((__unused__)),
                        KEY *key_info __attribute__((__unused__)),
                        uint num_of_keys __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return (HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND); }
  virtual int prepare_drop_index(TABLE *table_arg __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                 uint *key_num __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                 uint num_of_keys __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return (HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND); }
  virtual int final_drop_index(TABLE *table_arg __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return (HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND); }

  uint max_record_length() const
  { return min(HA_MAX_REC_LENGTH, max_supported_record_length()); }
  uint max_keys() const
  { return min(MAX_KEY, max_supported_keys()); }
  uint max_key_parts() const
  { return min(MAX_REF_PARTS, max_supported_key_parts()); }
  uint max_key_length() const
  { return min(MAX_KEY_LENGTH, max_supported_key_length()); }
  uint max_key_part_length(void) const
  { return min(MAX_KEY_LENGTH, max_supported_key_part_length()); }

  virtual uint max_supported_record_length(void) const
  { return HA_MAX_REC_LENGTH; }
  virtual uint max_supported_keys(void) const { return 0; }
  virtual uint max_supported_key_parts(void) const { return MAX_REF_PARTS; }
  virtual uint max_supported_key_length(void) const { return MAX_KEY_LENGTH; }
  virtual uint max_supported_key_part_length(void) const { return 255; }
  virtual uint min_record_length(uint options __attribute__((__unused__))) const
  { return 1; }

  virtual bool low_byte_first(void) const { return 1; }
  virtual uint checksum(void) const { return 0; }
  virtual bool is_crashed(void) const  { return 0; }
  virtual bool auto_repair(void) const { return 0; }


#define CHF_CREATE_FLAG 0
#define CHF_DELETE_FLAG 1
#define CHF_RENAME_FLAG 2


  /**
    @note lock_count() can return > 1 if the table is MERGE or partitioned.
  */
  virtual uint lock_count(void) const { return 1; }
  /**
    Is not invoked for non-transactional temporary tables.

    @note store_lock() can return more than one lock if the table is MERGE
    or partitioned.

    @note that one can NOT rely on table->in_use in store_lock().  It may
    refer to a different thread if called from mysql_lock_abort_for_thread().

    @note If the table is MERGE, store_lock() can return less locks
    than lock_count() claimed. This can happen when the MERGE children
    are not attached when this is called from another thread.
  */
  virtual THR_LOCK_DATA **store_lock(THD *thd,
                                     THR_LOCK_DATA **to,
                                     enum thr_lock_type lock_type)=0;

  /** Type of table for caching query */
  virtual uint8 table_cache_type() { return HA_CACHE_TBL_NONTRANSACT; }


  /**
    @brief Register a named table with a call back function to the query cache.

    @param thd The thread handle
    @param table_key A pointer to the table name in the table cache
    @param key_length The length of the table name
    @param[out] engine_callback The pointer to the storage engine call back
      function
    @param[out] engine_data Storage engine specific data which could be
      anything

    This method offers the storage engine, the possibility to store a reference
    to a table name which is going to be used with query cache. 
    The method is called each time a statement is written to the cache and can
    be used to verify if a specific statement is cachable. It also offers
    the possibility to register a generic (but static) call back function which
    is called each time a statement is matched against the query cache.

    @note If engine_data supplied with this function is different from
      engine_data supplied with the callback function, and the callback returns
      false, a table invalidation on the current table will occur.

    @return Upon success the engine_callback will point to the storage engine
      call back function, if any, and engine_data will point to any storage
      engine data used in the specific implementation.
      @retval true Success
      @retval false The specified table or current statement should not be
        cached
  */

  virtual bool
    register_query_cache_table(THD *thd __attribute__((__unused__)),
                               char *table_key __attribute__((__unused__)),
                               uint key_length __attribute__((__unused__)),
                               qc_engine_callback *engine_callback,
                               uint64_t *engine_data __attribute__((__unused__)))
  {
    *engine_callback= 0;
    return true;
  }


 /*
   @retval true   Primary key (if there is one) is clustered
                  key covering all fields
   @retval false  otherwise
 */
 virtual bool primary_key_is_clustered() { return false; }
 virtual int cmp_ref(const uchar *ref1, const uchar *ref2)
 {
   return memcmp(ref1, ref2, ref_length);
 }

 /*
   Condition pushdown to storage engines
 */

 /**
   Push condition down to the table handler.

   @param  cond   Condition to be pushed. The condition tree must not be
                  modified by the by the caller.

   @return
     The 'remainder' condition that caller must use to filter out records.
     NULL means the handler will not return rows that do not match the
     passed condition.

   @note
   The pushed conditions form a stack (from which one can remove the
   last pushed condition using cond_pop).
   The table handler filters out rows using (pushed_cond1 AND pushed_cond2 
   AND ... AND pushed_condN)
   or less restrictive condition, depending on handler's capabilities.

   handler->ha_reset() call empties the condition stack.
   Calls to rnd_init/rnd_end, index_init/index_end etc do not affect the
   condition stack.
 */ 
 virtual const COND *cond_push(const COND *cond) { return cond; }

 /**
   Pop the top condition from the condition stack of the handler instance.

   Pops the top if condition stack, if stack is not empty.
 */
 virtual void cond_pop(void) { return; }

 virtual Item
   *idx_cond_push(uint keyno __attribute__((__unused__)),
                  Item* idx_cond __attribute__((__unused__)))
 { return idx_cond; }

 /*
    Part of old fast alter table, to be depricated
  */
 virtual bool
   check_if_incompatible_data(HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info __attribute__((__unused__)),
                              uint table_changes __attribute__((__unused__)))
 { return COMPATIBLE_DATA_NO; }

 /* On-line ALTER TABLE interface */

 /**
    Check if a storage engine supports a particular alter table on-line

    @param    altered_table     A temporary table show what table is to
                                change to
    @param    create_info       Information from the parsing phase about new
                                table properties.
    @param    alter_flags       Bitmask that shows what will be changed
    @param    table_changes     Shows if table layout has changed (for
                                backwards compatibility with
                                check_if_incompatible_data

    @retval   HA_ALTER_ERROR                Unexpected error
    @retval   HA_ALTER_SUPPORTED_WAIT_LOCK  Supported, but requires DDL lock
    @retval   HA_ALTER_SUPPORTED_NO_LOCK    Supported
    @retval   HA_ALTER_NOT_SUPPORTED        Not supported

    @note
      The default implementation is implemented to support fast
      alter table (storage engines that support some changes by
      just changing the frm file) without any change in the handler
      implementation.
 */
 virtual int
   check_if_supported_alter(TABLE *altered_table __attribute__((__unused__)),
                            HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info,
                            HA_ALTER_FLAGS *alter_flags __attribute__((__unused__)),
                            uint table_changes)
 {
   if (this->check_if_incompatible_data(create_info, table_changes)
       == COMPATIBLE_DATA_NO)
     return(HA_ALTER_NOT_SUPPORTED);
   else
     return(HA_ALTER_SUPPORTED_WAIT_LOCK);
 }
 /**
   Tell storage engine to prepare for the on-line alter table (pre-alter)

   @param     thd               The thread handle
   @param     altered_table     A temporary table show what table is to
                                change to
   @param     alter_info        Storage place for data used during phase1
                                and phase2
   @param     alter_flags       Bitmask that shows what will be changed

   @retval   0      OK
   @retval   error  error code passed from storage engine
 */
 virtual int alter_table_phase1(THD *thd __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                TABLE *altered_table __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                HA_ALTER_INFO *alter_info __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                HA_ALTER_FLAGS *alter_flags  __attribute__((__unused__)))
 {
   return HA_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
 }
 /**
    Tell storage engine to perform the on-line alter table (alter)

    @param    thd               The thread handle
    @param    altered_table     A temporary table show what table is to
                                change to
    @param    alter_info        Storage place for data used during phase1
                                and phase2
    @param    alter_flags       Bitmask that shows what will be changed

    @retval  0      OK
    @retval  error  error code passed from storage engine

    @note
      If check_if_supported_alter returns HA_ALTER_SUPPORTED_WAIT_LOCK
      this call is to be wrapped with a DDL lock. This is currently NOT
      supported.
 */
 virtual int alter_table_phase2(THD *thd  __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                TABLE *altered_table  __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                HA_ALTER_INFO *alter_info __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                HA_ALTER_FLAGS *alter_flags __attribute__((__unused__)))
 {
   return HA_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
 }
 /**
    Tell storage engine that changed frm file is now on disk and table
    has been re-opened (post-alter)

    @param    thd               The thread handle
    @param    table             The altered table, re-opened
 */
 virtual int alter_table_phase3(THD *thd __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                TABLE *table __attribute__((__unused__)))
 {
   return HA_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
 }

  /**
    use_hidden_primary_key() is called in case of an update/delete when
    (table_flags() and HA_PRIMARY_KEY_REQUIRED_FOR_DELETE) is defined
    but we don't have a primary key
  */
  virtual void use_hidden_primary_key();

  /**
    Lock table.

    @param    thd                     Thread handle
    @param    lock_type               HA_LOCK_IN_SHARE_MODE     (F_RDLCK)
                                      HA_LOCK_IN_EXCLUSIVE_MODE (F_WRLCK)
    @param    lock_timeout            -1 default timeout
                                      0  no wait
                                      >0 wait timeout in milliseconds.

   @note
      lock_timeout >0 is not used by MySQL currently. If the storage
      engine does not support NOWAIT (lock_timeout == 0) it should
      return an error. But if it does not support WAIT X (lock_timeout
      >0) it should treat it as lock_timeout == -1 and wait a default
      (or even hard-coded) timeout.

    @retval HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND      Storage engine does not support
                                      lock_table()
    @retval HA_ERR_UNSUPPORTED        Storage engine does not support NOWAIT
    @retval HA_ERR_LOCK_WAIT_TIMEOUT  Lock request timed out or
                                      lock conflict with NOWAIT option
    @retval HA_ERR_LOCK_DEADLOCK      Deadlock detected
  */
  virtual int lock_table(THD *thd         __attribute__((unused)),
                         int lock_type    __attribute__((unused)),
                         int lock_timeout __attribute__((unused)))
  {
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;
  }

protected:
  /* Service methods for use by storage engines. */
  void ha_statistic_increment(ulong SSV::*offset) const;
  void **ha_data(THD *) const;
  THD *ha_thd(void) const;

  /**
    Default rename_table() and delete_table() rename/delete files with a
    given name and extensions from bas_ext().

    These methods can be overridden, but their default implementation
    provide useful functionality.
  */
  virtual int rename_table(const char *from, const char *to);
  /**
    Delete a table in the engine. Called for base as well as temporary
    tables.
  */
  virtual int delete_table(const char *name);

private:
  /* Private helpers */
  inline void mark_trx_read_write();
private:
  /*
    Low-level primitives for storage engines.  These should be
    overridden by the storage engine class. To call these methods, use
    the corresponding 'ha_*' method above.
  */

  virtual int open(const char *name, int mode, uint test_if_locked)=0;
  virtual int index_init(uint idx,
                         bool sorted __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { active_index= idx; return 0; }
  virtual int index_end() { active_index= MAX_KEY; return 0; }
  /**
    rnd_init() can be called two times without rnd_end() in between
    (it only makes sense if scan=1).
    then the second call should prepare for the new table scan (e.g
    if rnd_init allocates the cursor, second call should position it
    to the start of the table, no need to deallocate and allocate it again
  */
  virtual int rnd_init(bool scan)= 0;
  virtual int rnd_end() { return 0; }
  virtual int write_row(uchar *buf __attribute__((unused)))
  {
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;
  }

  virtual int update_row(const uchar *old_data __attribute__((unused)),
                         uchar *new_data __attribute__((unused)))
  {
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;
  }

  virtual int delete_row(const uchar *buf __attribute__((unused)))
  {
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;
  }
  /**
    Reset state of file to after 'open'.
    This function is called after every statement for all tables used
    by that statement.
  */
  virtual int reset() { return 0; }
  virtual Table_flags table_flags(void) const= 0;

  /**
    Is not invoked for non-transactional temporary tables.

    Tells the storage engine that we intend to read or write data
    from the table. This call is prefixed with a call to handler::store_lock()
    and is invoked only for those handler instances that stored the lock.

    Calls to rnd_init/index_init are prefixed with this call. When table
    IO is complete, we call external_lock(F_UNLCK).
    A storage engine writer should expect that each call to
    ::external_lock(F_[RD|WR]LOCK is followed by a call to
    ::external_lock(F_UNLCK). If it is not, it is a bug in MySQL.

    The name and signature originate from the first implementation
    in MyISAM, which would call fcntl to set/clear an advisory
    lock on the data file in this method.

    @param   lock_type    F_RDLCK, F_WRLCK, F_UNLCK

    @return  non-0 in case of failure, 0 in case of success.
    When lock_type is F_UNLCK, the return value is ignored.
  */
  virtual int external_lock(THD *thd __attribute__((unused)),
                            int lock_type __attribute__((unused)))
  {
    return 0;
  }
  virtual void release_auto_increment(void) { return; };
  /** admin commands - called from mysql_admin_table */
  virtual int check_for_upgrade(HA_CHECK_OPT *check_opt __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return 0; }
  virtual int check(THD* thd __attribute__((__unused__)),
                    HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; }

  /**
     In this method check_opt can be modified
     to specify CHECK option to use to call check()
     upon the table.
  */
  virtual int repair(THD* thd __attribute__((__unused__)),
                     HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; }
  virtual void start_bulk_insert(ha_rows rows __attribute__((__unused__)))
  {}
  virtual int end_bulk_insert(void) { return 0; }
  virtual int index_read(uchar * buf __attribute__((__unused__)),
                         const uchar * key __attribute__((__unused__)),
                         uint key_len __attribute__((__unused__)),
                         enum ha_rkey_function find_flag __attribute__((__unused__)))
   { return  HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int index_read_last(uchar * buf __attribute__((__unused__)),
                              const uchar * key __attribute__((__unused__)),
                              uint key_len __attribute__((__unused__)))
   { return (my_errno= HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND); }
  /**
    This method is similar to update_row, however the handler doesn't need
    to execute the updates at this point in time. The handler can be certain
    that another call to bulk_update_row will occur OR a call to
    exec_bulk_update before the set of updates in this query is concluded.

    @param    old_data       Old record
    @param    new_data       New record
    @param    dup_key_found  Number of duplicate keys found

    @retval  0   Bulk delete used by handler
    @retval  1   Bulk delete not used, normal operation used
  */
  virtual int bulk_update_row(const uchar *old_data __attribute__((__unused__)),
                              uchar *new_data __attribute__((__unused__)),
                              uint *dup_key_found __attribute__((__unused__)))
  {
    assert(false);
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND;
  }
  /**
    This is called to delete all rows in a table
    If the handler don't support this, then this function will
    return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND and MySQL will delete the rows one
    by one.
  */
  virtual int delete_all_rows(void)
  { return (my_errno=HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND); }
  /**
    Reset the auto-increment counter to the given value, i.e. the next row
    inserted will get the given value. This is called e.g. after TRUNCATE
    is emulated by doing a 'DELETE FROM t'. HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND is
    returned by storage engines that don't support this operation.
  */
  virtual int reset_auto_increment(uint64_t value __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int optimize(THD* thd __attribute__((__unused__)),
                       HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; }
  virtual int analyze(THD* thd __attribute__((__unused__)),
                      HA_CHECK_OPT* check_opt __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return HA_ADMIN_NOT_IMPLEMENTED; }
  virtual bool check_and_repair(THD *thd __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return true; }
  virtual int disable_indexes(uint mode __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int enable_indexes(uint mode __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND; }
  virtual int discard_or_import_tablespace(bool discard __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return (my_errno=HA_ERR_WRONG_COMMAND); }
  virtual void prepare_for_alter(void) { return; }
  virtual void drop_table(const char *name);
  virtual int create(const char *name __attribute__((__unused__)),
                     TABLE *form __attribute__((__unused__)),
                     HA_CREATE_INFO *info __attribute__((__unused__)))=0;

  virtual int create_handler_files(const char *name __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                   const char *old_name __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                   int action_flag __attribute__((__unused__)),
                                   HA_CREATE_INFO *info __attribute__((__unused__)))
  { return false; }
};



/**
  A Disk-Sweep MRR interface implementation

  This implementation makes range (and, in the future, 'ref') scans to read
  table rows in disk sweeps. 
  
  Currently it is used by MyISAM and InnoDB. Potentially it can be used with
  any table handler that has non-clustered indexes and on-disk rows.
*/

class DsMrr_impl
{
public:
  typedef void (handler::*range_check_toggle_func_t)(bool on);

  DsMrr_impl()
    : h2(NULL) {};

  handler *h; /* The "owner" handler object. It is used for scanning the index */
  TABLE *table; /* Always equal to h->table */
private:
  /*
    Secondary handler object. It is used to retrieve full table rows by
    calling rnd_pos().
  */
  handler *h2;

  /* Buffer to store rowids, or (rowid, range_id) pairs */
  uchar *rowids_buf;
  uchar *rowids_buf_cur;   /* Current position when reading/writing */
  uchar *rowids_buf_last;  /* When reading: end of used buffer space */
  uchar *rowids_buf_end;   /* End of the buffer */

  bool dsmrr_eof; /* true <=> We have reached EOF when reading index tuples */

  /* true <=> need range association, buffer holds {rowid, range_id} pairs */
  bool is_mrr_assoc;

  bool use_default_impl; /* true <=> shortcut all calls to default MRR impl */
public:
  void init(handler *h_arg, TABLE *table_arg)
  {
    h= h_arg; 
    table= table_arg;
  }
  int dsmrr_init(handler *h, KEY *key, RANGE_SEQ_IF *seq_funcs, 
                 void *seq_init_param, uint n_ranges, uint mode, 
                 HANDLER_BUFFER *buf);
  void dsmrr_close();
  int dsmrr_fill_buffer(handler *h);
  int dsmrr_next(handler *h, char **range_info);

  int dsmrr_info(uint keyno, uint n_ranges, uint keys, uint *bufsz,
                 uint *flags, COST_VECT *cost);

  ha_rows dsmrr_info_const(uint keyno, RANGE_SEQ_IF *seq, 
                            void *seq_init_param, uint n_ranges, uint *bufsz,
                            uint *flags, COST_VECT *cost);
private:
  bool key_uses_partial_cols(uint keyno);
  bool choose_mrr_impl(uint keyno, ha_rows rows, uint *flags, uint *bufsz, 
                       COST_VECT *cost);
  bool get_disk_sweep_mrr_cost(uint keynr, ha_rows rows, uint flags, 
                               uint *buffer_size, COST_VECT *cost);
};

extern const char *ha_row_type[];
extern const char *tx_isolation_names[];
extern const char *binlog_format_names[];
extern TYPELIB tx_isolation_typelib;
extern TYPELIB myisam_stats_method_typelib;
extern uint32_t total_ha, total_ha_2pc;

       /* Wrapper functions */
#define ha_commit(thd) (ha_commit_trans((thd), true))
#define ha_rollback(thd) (ha_rollback_trans((thd), true))

/* lookups */
handlerton *ha_default_handlerton(THD *thd);
plugin_ref ha_resolve_by_name(THD *thd, const LEX_STRING *name);
plugin_ref ha_lock_engine(THD *thd, handlerton *hton);
handlerton *ha_resolve_by_legacy_type(THD *thd, enum legacy_db_type db_type);
handler *get_new_handler(TABLE_SHARE *share, MEM_ROOT *alloc,
                         handlerton *db_type);
handlerton *ha_checktype(THD *thd, enum legacy_db_type database_type,
                          bool no_substitute, bool report_error);


static inline enum legacy_db_type ha_legacy_type(const handlerton *db_type)
{
  return (db_type == NULL) ? DB_TYPE_UNKNOWN : db_type->db_type;
}

static inline const char *ha_resolve_storage_engine_name(const handlerton *db_type)
{
  return db_type == NULL ? "UNKNOWN" : hton2plugin[db_type->slot]->name.str;
}

static inline bool ha_check_storage_engine_flag(const handlerton *db_type, uint32 flag)
{
  return db_type == NULL ? false : test(db_type->flags & flag);
}

static inline bool ha_storage_engine_is_enabled(const handlerton *db_type)
{
  return (db_type && db_type->create) ?
         (db_type->state == SHOW_OPTION_YES) : false;
}

/* basic stuff */
int ha_init_errors(void);
int ha_init(void);
int ha_end(void);
int ha_initialize_handlerton(st_plugin_int *plugin);
int ha_finalize_handlerton(st_plugin_int *plugin);

TYPELIB *ha_known_exts(void);
int ha_panic(enum ha_panic_function flag);
void ha_close_connection(THD* thd);
bool ha_flush_logs(handlerton *db_type);
void ha_drop_database(char* path);
int ha_create_table(THD *thd, const char *path,
                    const char *db, const char *table_name,
                    HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info,
                    bool update_create_info);
int ha_delete_table(THD *thd, handlerton *db_type, const char *path,
                    const char *db, const char *alias, bool generate_warning);

/* statistics and info */
bool ha_show_status(THD *thd, handlerton *db_type, enum ha_stat_type stat);

/* discovery */
int ha_create_table_from_engine(THD* thd, const char *db, const char *name);
int ha_discover(THD* thd, const char* dbname, const char* name,
                uchar** frmblob, size_t* frmlen);
int ha_find_files(THD *thd,const char *db,const char *path,
                  const char *wild, bool dir, List<LEX_STRING>* files);
int ha_table_exists_in_engine(THD* thd, const char* db, const char* name);

/* key cache */
extern "C" int ha_init_key_cache(const char *name, KEY_CACHE *key_cache);
int ha_resize_key_cache(KEY_CACHE *key_cache);
int ha_change_key_cache_param(KEY_CACHE *key_cache);
int ha_change_key_cache(KEY_CACHE *old_key_cache, KEY_CACHE *new_key_cache);
int ha_end_key_cache(KEY_CACHE *key_cache);

/* report to InnoDB that control passes to the client */
int ha_release_temporary_latches(THD *thd);

/* transactions: interface to handlerton functions */
int ha_start_consistent_snapshot(THD *thd);
int ha_commit_or_rollback_by_xid(XID *xid, bool commit);
int ha_commit_one_phase(THD *thd, bool all);
int ha_rollback_trans(THD *thd, bool all);
int ha_prepare(THD *thd);
int ha_recover(HASH *commit_list);

/* transactions: these functions never call handlerton functions directly */
int ha_commit_trans(THD *thd, bool all);
int ha_autocommit_or_rollback(THD *thd, int error);
int ha_enable_transaction(THD *thd, bool on);

/* savepoints */
int ha_rollback_to_savepoint(THD *thd, SAVEPOINT *sv);
int ha_savepoint(THD *thd, SAVEPOINT *sv);
int ha_release_savepoint(THD *thd, SAVEPOINT *sv);

/* these are called by storage engines */
void trans_register_ha(THD *thd, bool all, handlerton *ht);

/*
  Storage engine has to assume the transaction will end up with 2pc if
   - there is more than one 2pc-capable storage engine available
   - in the current transaction 2pc was not disabled yet
*/
#define trans_need_2pc(thd, all)                   ((total_ha_2pc > 1) && \
        !((all ? &thd->transaction.all : &thd->transaction.stmt)->no_2pc))

#ifdef HAVE_NDB_BINLOG
int ha_reset_logs(THD *thd);
int ha_binlog_index_purge_file(THD *thd, const char *file);
void ha_reset_slave(THD *thd);
void ha_binlog_log_query(THD *thd, handlerton *db_type,
                         enum_binlog_command binlog_command,
                         const char *query, uint query_length,
                         const char *db, const char *table_name);
void ha_binlog_wait(THD *thd);
int ha_binlog_end(THD *thd);
#else
#define ha_reset_logs(a) do {} while (0)
#define ha_binlog_index_purge_file(a,b) do {} while (0)
#define ha_reset_slave(a) do {} while (0)
#define ha_binlog_log_query(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) do {} while (0)
#define ha_binlog_wait(a) do {} while (0)
#define ha_binlog_end(a)  do {} while (0)
#endif